结核分枝杆菌感染的实验室诊断研究进展

Research progress in laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

结核分枝杆菌感染在全球范围内仍具有一定流行性,中国也面临着较大的疾病负担,实验室检测对于结核分枝杆菌感染的诊断和治疗控制具有重要意义。该文总结了现有结核分枝杆菌感染的实验室传统经典检测方法及未来有望应用于临床一线的新方向检测技术的诊断方法及相应的优缺点,包括病原学、免疫学、分子生物学、新兴技术等。不同层次实验室可以根据相应条件及其自身特点选择适合的检测方法,以期对临床结核分枝杆菌感染的早期诊断和有效控制提供参考。现有结核分枝杆菌感染的实验室检测方法总体耗时较长,成本较高,未来需要研究人员加强实验室快速检测技术的研究并降低检测成本,探索不同实验室检测技术的改进,完善并加以展望,实现及时、准确地诊断结核分枝杆菌感染对后续的个体化精准治疗提供一定帮助。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection still has a certain prevalence worldwide,and China is also facing a significant disease burden.Laboratory testing is of great significance for the diagnosis,treatment and control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.This article summarizes the traditional and classic laboratory detection methods for tuberculosis infection,as well as their corresponding advantages and disadvantages of new direction detection technologies that are expected to be applied in the clinical front line in the future,including microbiology,immunology,molecular biology,emerging technologies,etc.Laboratories at different levels can choose suitable detection methods based on their respective conditions and characteristics,in order to provide reference for early diagnosis and effective control of clinical tuberculosis infection.The existing laboratory testing methods for tuberculosis infection are generally time-consuming and costly.In the future,researchers need to strengthen the research on rapid laboratory detection technology and reduce detection costs,explore the improvement and perfection of different laboratory detection technologies,and provide prospects for timely and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis infection,which will provide certain assistance for personalized and precise treatment in the future.