新时代我国青少年体育政策注意力配置及演进——基于LDA主题模型的政策文本分析

Attention Allocation and Evolution of China’s Youth Sports Policies in the New Era——Policy Text Analysis Based on LDA Topic Modeling

青少年体育政策是促进青少年体育事业发展的导向性文件,对中国式现代化“体育强国”的建设具有至关重要的推动作用,党和政府的注意力配置体现了对青少年体育发展的关注程度,其注意力配置的变化会直接引起青少年体育发展重心的变化。研究收集了新时代以来党和政府有关青少年体育政策文本(共计99件),基于注意力理论的指向和强度两个维度,最终生成5个主题。并归纳出两种类别:开展场域类主题(学校体育、竞技体育)和保障类主题(运动项目与组织网络建设、场地设施与组织保障、资金支持)。进一步演化分析得出各主题注意力强度演化特征:①学校体育主题具有较高的注意力强度,且整体呈现出稳定发展后继续明显上升趋势;②竞技体育主题注意力强度逐年提升且受公共卫生事件影响显著;③保障类主题整体注意力强度不高、相对稳定且偶有震荡,易受开展场域类主题影响。研究建议:①完善学校体育政策的顶层设计,提升政策执行效能。②淡化青少年竞技体育“夺金”目标,建立稳定、可持续的竞技体育后备人才培养模式与机制。③提高保障类政策注意力强度,为青少年体育工作高质量发展保驾护航。

Youth sports policy serves as a guiding manifesto to propel the advancement of youth sports,a fundamental component in the establishment of a modernized“sports powerhouse”in China.The allocation of attention by the Party and government reflects their prioritization of youth sports development,with its alterations having a direct impact on the focus of youth sports development.This research delves into an examination of 99 texts on youth sports policies from the Party and government in the new era,identifying five overarching themes categorized by the direction and intensity of attention theory.These themes encompass the realms of implementation(school sports,competitive sports)and support(sports and organization network development,venue facilities and organizational backing,financial assistance).A thorough analysis of the evolutionary patterns of attention intensity within each theme reveals:①a notable heightened attention intensity towards school sports,showcasing a steady growth trajectory;②a progressive increase in attention intensity towards competitive sports,notably influenced by public health events;③a lesser overall attention intensity towards support policies,displaying relative stability with intermittent fluctuations,easily influenced by implementation themes.The research therefore proposes to:①Enhance the strategic framework of school sports policies and bolster policy implementation efficacy;②Diminish the emphasis on“winning gold”in youth competitive sports,fostering a sustainable model for nurturing future talents in this domain;③Intensify attention towards support policies to nurture the high-quality growth of youth sports.