非金属抗冰冻管道光缆的研究

在我国北方地区,冬季气候寒冷,最低温度能达到零下30摄氏度,当管道内存在积水时就会受到低温影响而结冰,积水结冰后由于密度变化,体积会膨胀,尤其是在一些封闭的管道中,当积水结冰膨胀无延伸空间时,就会对管道内的光缆进行挤压,而这种挤压力的大小取决于被作用的物质,被作用物质的硬度越高,挤压力也就越强,甚至能够达到10000N以上。在该种特殊的环境下,传统的管道光缆完全无法满足应用,若采用非金属结构其抗压能力仅为1000N左右,而采用金属结构其抗压能力虽然能达到5000N左右,但还是无法抵抗冰膨胀的压力,且金属材料在受挤压变形后形状无法恢复,其受损影响程度远高于非金属结构,因此在此种环境下金属结构不宜使用。此外,层绞式光缆紧密的绞合结构也使光缆各个元件之间更易在受到外力作用后相互挤压变形,造成光纤损耗等问题。因此,传统的管道光缆,无论是金属结构或非金属结构都难以满足北方地区冰冻环境下的使用。

In the northern part of China,the winter climate is cold,and the lowest temperature can reach-30℃.The water in the pipeline will freeze when affected by low temperature.Then it’s volume will expande to density changes,especially in some closed pipelines,when the water freezes and expands without extension space,with the ice squeezing the cable in the pipeline.The size of this extrusion pressure depends on the substance being acted on.The higher the hardness of the substance,the stronger the extrusion pressure will be,and even reach more than 10000N.In this special environment,the traditional duct optical cable can not meet the application.If we use non-metallic structure cable,its compression is only about 1000N,while if we use metal structure cable,its compression can reach about 5000N,but still can not resist the pressure of ice expansion.The shape of the metal structure cable can not be restored after being deformed by extrusion,and it’s extent of damage is much higher than that of non-metallic structures,so metal structures should not be used in this environment.In addition,the tight stranding structure of the cable also makes it easier for each component of the cable to squeeze and deform after being subjected to external forces,even results in the loss of fiber and other problems.Therefore,the traditional duct optical cable is difficult to meet the use of the frozen environment in the northern region.