皮肤穿透肽的研究进展

Advances on skin penetrating peptide

皮肤穿透肽(SPP)是一类能够促进药物或活性成分通过皮肤屏障的肽类分子。SPP具有良好的生物相容性和安全性,可用于输送各种类型的药物或活性成分,包括小分子药物、蛋白质和核酸。这些特点使得SPP在医药和化妆品领域中具有广泛的应用前景。目前国内外科研人员对于SPP的结构、机制、设计和应用进行了广泛的探索和实验。按来源分类,SPP可分为3类:蛋白质来源的SPP、基因重组来源的SPP和人工设计合成的SPP;其促渗机制可以从作用于角质层和作用于皮肤附属器这2个方面来阐述;其主要的应用方式包括4种:SPP与药物的物理混合、SPP与药物形成共价连接、SPP与蛋白类药物形成融合蛋白、SPP修饰药物载体,综述SPP不同来源SPP种类、不同SPP的促渗机制及应用方式,分析其研究与应用中存在的问题,以期为SPP的开发和创新提供有价值的参考。

Skin-penetrating peptides(SPP)are a type of peptide molecules that can promote the passage of drugs or active ingredients through the skin barrier.SPP has good biocompatibility and safety,and can be used to deliver various types of drugs or active ingredients,including small molecule drugs,proteins and nucleic acids.These characteristics make SPP have broad application prospects in the fields of medicine and cosmetics.Global researchers have conducted extensive exploration and experiments on the structure,mechanism,design and application of SPP.According to the source,SPP can be classified into three categories:protein-derived SPP,recombinant-derived SPP,and artificially designed and synthesized SPP.Its osmotic mechanism can be elaborated from the aspects of its action on the stratum corneum and its action on the skin appendages,and its main application modes include four types:the physical mixing of SPP and drugs,the formation of covalent linkage between SPP and drugs,the formation of fusion between SPP and protein drugs,and the modification of drug carriers by SPP.The main application modes include four types:physical mixing of SPP and drug,covalent linkage of SPP and drug,fusion of SPP and protein drug,and modification of drug carrier by SPP.We will review the types of SPP from different sources of SPP,the mechanism of promotion of infiltration and application modes of different SPPs,and analyze the problems in their research and application,in order to provide valuable references for the development and innovation of SPP.