伴非自杀性自伤行为的青少年及其照护者心理体验的质性研究

Qualitative research of the psychological experience of adolescent patients with non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and their caregivers

目的:基于二元视角下开展伴非自杀性自伤行为青少年患者及其照护者心理体验的质性研究。方法:采用目的抽样方法选取于2021年3—11月在江西省赣州市第三人民医院开展治疗的伴非自杀性自伤行为青少年患者及其照护者作为访谈对象,采用半结构式访谈法对受访者进行访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析。结果:对访谈资料进行整理分析后,共提炼出5个主题,分别为照护者情绪调节失控与青少年负性情感滋生、青少年自我认同与敬畏生命、照护者缺失陪伴时间与有效沟通、青少年渴求同伴认同与危险模仿、照护者和青少年需换位思考。结论:伴非自杀性自伤行为的青少年患者和家庭照护者的心理体验具有特异性,基于二元视角看待二者的心理体验有助于制订青少年患者和照护者的护理计划,也有利于改善照护者的心理体验和避免青少年自伤行为的发生。

Objective:To develop the qualitative research of psychological experience of adolescent patients with nonsuicidal self-injury behavior and their caregivers based on a binary perspective.Methods:Adolescent patients with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and their caregivers in Ganzhou Third People’s Hospital,Jiangxi from March to November 2021 were selected as the interviewees by purposive sampling,the interviewees were interviewed with a semi-structured interview method and the Colaizzi 7-step method was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 5 themes were extracted from the interview,namely,out-of-control emotional regulation of caregivers and the breeding of negative emotions among adolescents,adolescents’self-identity and reverence for life,lack of companionship time and effective communication of the caregivers,adolescents’desire for peer identification and dangerous imitation,and the need for caregivers and adolescents to transpositional thinking.Conclusion:The psychological experience of adolescent patients with non-suicidal self-injuring behavior and family caregivers is specific,and viewing the psychological experience of the two from a binary perspective is helpful to formulate the nursing plan of adolescent patients and caregivers,and is also helpful to improve the psychological experience of caregivers and avoid the occurrence of adolescent self-injuring behavior.