上海金山区中学生视力不良影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of poor vision among the middle school students in Jinshan District of Shanghai

目的:了解金山区中学生视力不良现状及影响因素,为制定相关防控措施提供理论依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法在上海市金山区抽取2所初中、2所高中和1所职高开展学生视力检测和问卷调查,最后纳入视力检查及问卷完整的1238名中学生,其中男生652名,女生586名;初中生518名,高中生478名,职高242名。结果:在1238名中学生中检出视力不良968名,检出率为78.19%。女生的视力不良检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.688,P<0.05),初中生视力不良检出率最低(71.24%),高中生最高(86.19%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32.761,P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,性别、学段、眼保健操、平均每天放学后做作业时间、读写时眼睛距离书本的距离、老师提醒注意读写姿势、每天睡眠时长和父母近视均是主要影响上海市金山区中学生视力不良的因素(均P<0.05)。结论:上海市金山区中学生视力不良检出率高,与用眼习惯和用眼环境关系紧密,家庭和学校应规范学生用眼行为,加强健康教育,促进学生科学用眼。

Objective:To understand the current situation and influencing factors of poor vision among the middle school students in Jinshan District,and to provide theoretical basis for formulating relevant prevention and control measures.Methods:The stratified cluster random sampling was used to select two junior high schools,two senior high schools and one professional school in Jinshan District,Shanghai to conduct the visual acuity test and questionnaire survey and finally 1238 middle students were included the visual acuity test and questionnaire,among them there were 653 boys and 586 girls;there were 518 junior high school students,478 senior high school students and 242 professional school students.Results:There were 968 students with poor vision in 1238 middle schools,with the detection rate of 78.19%.The detection rate of poor vision in girl students was higher than that in boy students,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=14.688,P<0.05).The detection rate of poor vision was the lowest in the junior high school students(71.24%),and the detection rate of poor vision was highest in the senior high school students(86.19%)and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=32.761,P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that gender,school period,eye exercises,average time to do homework after school every day,the distance between eyes and books when reading and writing,the teacher’s reminding to pay attention to reading and writing posture,sleep duration every day and parents myopia were the main factors affecting the poor vision of the middle school students in Jinshan District of Shanghai(P<0.05).Conclusion:The detection rate of poor eyesight is high among the middle school students in Jinshan District,Shanghai,which is close related with the eye habit and eye environment,the family and school should make standardized eye habit to strengthen health education,and promote the students to scientifically use eyes.