2011—2020年大连市无偿献血人群HIV-1耐药性突变分析

Drug resistance mutation analysis of HIV-1 among blood donors in Dalian:2011-2020

目的了解2011—2020年大连市无偿献血人群的HIV耐药性突变的分布和传播趋势。方法对2011—2020年大连市无偿献血者HIV感染标本的PR-RT序列进行检测,利用The Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database分析标本耐药性突变和耐药程度。结果在174份标本中共检测出30份携带耐药性突变(drug resistance mutation,DRM),DRM携带率为17.2%(30/174),传播性耐药(transmitted drug resistance,TDR)携带率为5.7%(10/174)。研究期间,DRM和TDR携带率在2019年出现大幅度升高,2020年分别达到44.4%、22.2%,均为历史最高水平。具备大专以上学历、本地常住特征的献血者其DRM携带率显著高于其他人群(P<0.05)。标本携带NNRTI类DRM占比最高(12.6%,22/174),PI类次之(5.7%,10/174),分别以V179D/E/T和M46I为主;仅1份(0.57%,1/174)携带NRTI类DRM(L74I)。标本整体耐药率为6.9%(12/174),以对NNRTI类药物耐药占比最高(83.3%,10/12);2份(1.1%,2/174)标本同时对一线推荐用药EFV和NVP高度耐药。基因型为CRF55_01B标本的DRM携带率显著高于其他基因型(P<0.05)。结论2019—2020年大连市无偿献血人群HIV耐药性突变携带率呈现明显上升趋势,对NNRTI类药物耐药标本占比最高。将ART实施前后的耐药性监测数据与最新版国家ART治疗方案相结合,有利于提高本地HIV防控效果。

Objective To study the distribution and trend of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation in Dalian blood donors between 2011 and 2020.Methods The protease-reverse transcriptase(PR-RT)region was sequenced in Dalian blood donors tested HIV-1 positive between 2011 and 2020.Drug resistance mutation(DRM)rate and level of resistance to selected drugs were analyzed by the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results DRM were detected in 17.2%(30/174)of samples,while transmitted drug resistance(TDR)was 5.7%(10/174).Between 2011 and 2020,DRM and TDR rates increased significantly in 2019 and reached their highest levels in 2020(44.4%and 22.2%,respectively).DRM carriage was associated with people with college degree or above and with local residents(P<0.05).NNRTI DRMs were the most frequently detected(12.6%,22/174),followed by PIs(5.7%,10/174),with V179D/E/T and M46I being the main DRMs detected.Only one HIV-1 strain(0.57%,1/174)carried a NRTI DRM(L74I).The overall rate of predicted high level resistance to antiretroviral drugs was 6.9%(12/174),with the highest proportion of NNRTI resistance(83.3%,10/12).Two samples were classified as highly resistant to EFV and NVP,accounting for 1.1%(2/174).CRF55_01B strains showed a significantly higher DRM rate than strains of other HIV-1 genotypes(P<0.05).Conclusion Between 2011 and 2020,the rate of HIV-1 DRMs in blood donors in Dalian showed a significant upward trend,particularly in 2019—2020,with NNRTI resistance being the most common.The combination of DRMs detection before and after implementation of ART under the latest national ART treatment plan would improve the effectiveness of HIV-1 prevention and control locally.