不同栽培方式和灌溉模式对水稻生长特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods and Irrigation Modes on Growth Characteristics,Yields and Water Use Efficiency of Rice

旨在探讨不同栽培方式下灌溉模式对水稻生长特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响,并阐明机理。选取“Y两优1928”为供试稻种开展水稻种植的测坑试验,设置2种栽培方式:移栽(C1)和直播(C2),3种灌溉模式:淹水灌溉(W1)、间歇灌溉(W2)和蓄雨型间歇灌溉(W3)。结果表明,C2全生育期茎蘖数和茎蘖成穗率均高于C1,W2、W3有利于抑制水稻前期无效分蘖和保持黄熟期有效茎蘖数;C2叶面积指数显著高于C1,W2、W3有利于减缓叶面积指数的下降。C2产量较C1平均提高1.92%,W2、W3产量较W1平均提高11.47%、10.54%。W2、W3水分利用效率较W1平均提高了35.5%、40.72%;W3全生育期灌水量较W2、W1减少了66.06%、19.80%,降雨利用率较W2、W1平均提高了30.66%、26.28%。直播栽培结合蓄雨型间歇灌溉可以协同提高水稻产量,减少灌水量,提高水分利用效率和降雨利用率,实现水稻高产和水分高效利用。

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different irrigation patterns on rice growth characteristics,yields,and water use efficiency under various cultivation methods.The hybrid rice variety cv.Yliangyou 1928 was used in this study,with two cultivation methods:transplanting(C1)and direct seeding(C2),and three irrigation modes:continuous flooding(W1),alternate wetting and drying(W2),and rain-gathering alternate wetting and drying irrigation(W3).The results demonstrated that C2 showed a higher number of stems and tillers throughout the whole growth stage compared to C1.Additionally,W2 and W3 were found to effectively inhibit the growth of ineffective tillers in the early stage of rice development while maintaining the number of effective tillers during the maturity.Moreover,the leaf area index of C2 was significantly higher than that of C1,and W2 and W3 helped slow down the decline of the leaf area index.The average yield of C2 was 1.92%higher than that of C1,while W2 and W3 resulted in average yield increases of 11.47%and 10.54%respectively,compared to W1.Furthermore,W2 and W3 average improved water use efficiency by 35.5%and 40.72%respectively,compared to W1.The irrigation water amount required for W3 throughout the whole growth period decreased by 66.06%and 19.80%compared to W2 and W1 respectively.Additionally,the rainfall utilization rate average increased by 30.66%and 26.28%compared to W2 and W1 respectively.In conclusion,combining direct seeding cultivation with rain storage irrigation can effectively enhance rice yield,reduce irrigation water requirements,improve water use efficiency,and optimize rainfall utilization,ultimately achieving high yields and efficient water use.