电梯电流监测及其启动倒溜车故障诊断方法

Current Monitoring of Elevator and Fault Diagnosis Method of Starting Backsliding

针对电梯生产企业、使用单位和监管部门重点关注的电梯运行安全问题,结合电梯运行时经常空载的特点,考虑电梯异常状态实时监测的需求,设计了一种针对电梯主电路电流和曳引电机电流监测系统。首先基于能量阈值法判定电梯启停状态,然后提出一种基于空载启动电流信号的电梯启动倒溜车故障诊断算法,其中针对启动电流时频图,分别基于模板匹配法和支持向量机对电梯启动倒溜车故障进行设别,并通过融合决策的方式提高故障诊断的准确度;最后构建实验装置采集电梯电机电流数据,对提出的电梯启动倒溜车故障诊断算法进行验证。研究结果表明:电梯启动倒溜车故障诊断算法对四种电梯状态的平均识别率达到88.2%,对保障电梯安全运行具有一定的理论和实际意义。

In response to the safety issues of elevator operation that are of great concern to elevator production enterprises,user units,and regulatory authorities,combined with the frequent no-load characteristics of elevators during operation,and considering the need for real-time monitoring of abnormal elevator states,the energy threshold method is first used to determine the start and stop status of elevators;Then,a monitoring system for elevator main circuit current and traction motor current was designed,and a fault diagnosis algorithm for elevator starting backsliding based on no-load starting current signal was proposed.For the time-frequency map of the starting current,a template matching method and support vector machine were used to detect the elevator starting backsliding fault,and the accuracy of fault diagnosis was improved through fusion decision-making.Finally,an experimental device was constructed to collect elevator motor current data and validate the proposed starting backsliding fault diagnosis algorithm.The research results indicate that the average recognition rate of the fault diagnosis algorithm for elevator start reverse sliding reaches 88.2%for four elevator states,which has specific theoretical and practical significance for ensuring the safe operation of elevators.