19世纪越老关系中的“阿努冯事件”——基于以《国朝处置万象事宜录》为中心的文本研究

The “Chao Anouvong Affair” in the Vietnam-Laos Relation during the 19th Century——A Textual Study on QUOC TRIEU XU TRI VAN TUONG SU NGHI LUC

“阿努冯事件”是19世纪初围绕老挝万象、暹罗和越南阮朝的一次重要政治事件。这一事件体现了以暹罗为主导的曼陀罗体系和以阮朝为主导的“亚朝贡体系”之间的政治互动与平衡,以及古代东南亚大陆政治体之间的层叠政治关系。通过对越南珍贵的汉文文献《国朝处置万象事宜录》进行文本考察可以看出,尽管阮朝与万象的关系离不开对自己利益的考量,但在维系朝贡体系的实际过程中,宗主国对朝贡国是否值得保护也有多重考量。这种朝贡关系的维系具有其复杂性及诸多被动和无奈因素,从而也在一定程度上影响着中南半岛原有秩序的维系。

The“Chao Anouvong Affair”was an important political conflict between Vientiane of Laos,Siam,and the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam in the early 19th century.It reflects the political interaction and balance between the Siamese-dominated mandala system and the Nguyen-dominated“sub-tributary system”,as well as the political relations between the polities of the ancient Southeast Asia.Through a textual study of QUOC TRIEU XU TRI VAN TUONG SU NGHI LUC,a precious document from Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam,the paper argues that although the relation between the Nguyen Dynasty and Vientiane was still centered on interests,in the process of maintaining the tributary system,the Nguyen Dynasty also has multiple considerations on whether its tributary state is worthy of protection.The preservation of the tributary relation has its complexity and fragility,which also affects the preservation of the order inherent on the Indo-China Peninsula to a certain extent.