飞行员颈部运动影响因素及颈部专项训练研究

Study on Influencing Factors of Neck Movement during Pilot Flight and Neck Specific Training

为研究影响飞行员飞行中颈部运动能力的因素及颈部专项训练效果,选取飞行员104位,另选取男性志愿者8位,采用MCU颈部功能测试系统测量受试者颈部6个方向肌肉力量,通过调查问卷获得飞行员颈部训练及伤病情况;同时对志愿者进行颈部肌肉专项训练,比较其训练前后与飞行员力量差别。结果表明:年龄≥40岁飞行员颈部力量较其他年龄段显著下降(P<0.05),掌握正确颈部训练方法的飞行员力量更强(前屈力量)(P<0.05);飞行时发生过颈痛的飞行员颈部力量相对较弱,而飞行时颈部能够活动自如的飞行员颈部力量更强;训练前志愿者颈部力量显著低于飞行员,训练后志愿者颈部力量明显增加(P<0.05)且显著超过同龄飞行员(P<0.01)。颈痛发生及飞行发生转头困难与是否参加专项颈部训练无显著相关,而是否掌握正确训练方法与载荷下转头情况显著相关(r=-0.22,P=0.033)。

To explore the influencing factors of neck movement during pilot flight and to evaluate the effect of the neck muscle special training,104 pilots and 8 male volunteers were selected and MCU neck function testing system was used to measure the neck strength of the pilots and volunteers in 6 directions.The neck training and injury status of the pilots were obtained through a survey question⁃naire.In addition,specialized neck muscle training was conducted on volunteers.The strength differences between pilots and volunteers of the same age before and after neck muscle training were also compared.The neck strength of pilots aged≥40 decreased compared to other age groups,and there was a significant change(P<0.05).The strength of pilots who master correct neck muscle training methods was stronger(flexion)significantly(P<0.05).Meanwhile,pilots who experienced neck pain during flight had relatively weaker neck strength,while pilots who could move their neck freely during flight had stronger neck strength.The neck strength of volunteers untrained was signifi⁃cantly lower than that of pilots.However,after training,the neck strength of volunteers significantly increased(P<0.05)and exceeded that of pilots of the same age(P<0.01).In this study,there was no significant correlation between neck pain or turning difficulty during flight and participation in specialized neck training,while mastery of correct training methods was significantly correlated with neck turning under load(r=-0.225,P=0.033).