美国低成本货物及载人空间运输能力发展策略研究

Research on Development Strategy of Low⁃cost Cargo and Crew Space Transportation Capability in the United States

伴随着航天技术的发展和商业化模式的演进以及内外部环境带来的压力,美国政府近年来一直致力于推进低成本货物及载人空间运输能力的发展,取得了一定的实际成果。为研究美国相关能力的发展策略,梳理了其在载人航天领域利用新型公私合作伙伴关系开展空间运输能力开发的情况,并分析了其合作模式特点和相关成本。分析表明:美国低成本货物及载人空间运输能力发展得益于多方面因素的共同作用,其中,商业化模式和新技术应用的推广是降低运输成本、提高运输效率的重要途径;政策扶持、市场建设和技术积累则是重要保障。基于以上研究结果,提出了一些启示和建议,为国内低成本货物及载人空间运输能力的发展和应用提供参考。

With the advancement of space technology,the evolution of commercial models,and the pressure from internal and external environments,the US government has been committed to promo⁃ting the development of low⁃cost cargo and crew space transportation capabilities in recent years,yielding tangible results.To examine the United States’strategy for developing these capabilities,the use of new type of public⁃private partnership relationships to develop space transportation capa⁃bilities in the human spaceflight sector was outlined,and the cooperative model characteristics and related costs were analyzed.The analysis showed that the development of low⁃cost cargo and crew space transportation capabilities in the United States benefited from the joint action of many factors.Among them,commercial models and the promotion of new technology applications played crucial roles in reducing transportation costs and enhancing efficiency,while policy support,market con⁃struction,and technology accumulation served as vital foundations.Based on the above research findings,several insights were proposed to support the domestic development and application of af⁃fordable cargo and crew space transportation capabilities.