生态环境犯罪司法裁判效能的反思与优化

Reflection and Optimization on the Judicial Judgment Efficiency of Ecological Environment Crimes

生态环境犯罪刑事裁判是中国特色环境资源审判体系中很重要的一环。生态环境犯罪与其他犯罪相比,呈现出以下特征:二审案件数量较多;一审案件服判息诉率相对较低;二审案件发回重审、改判率高。从积极方面理解,生态环境刑事裁判充分发挥了审判监督职能和司法能动性,保证定罪量刑的公平合理性。但从消极方面也暴露出一些问题,具体包括:一审裁判结果争议较大,导致刑事裁判的权威性受到冲击,二审裁判挑战刑事诉讼传统程序性价值,诉讼程序陷入公信力危机。针对这些问题,在环境犯罪二审程序中应坚持践行恢复性司法理念,通过量刑的区分化保障环境司法的协调性;同时,通过规范环境司法鉴定意见的适用,引入隔离式量刑程序,保障一审的裁判效果;从多角度完善生态环境刑事司法制度,提升生态环境刑事裁判的司法效率及社会效果。

Criminal adjudication of ecological and environmental crimes is an important part of the environmental resources trial system with Chinese characteristics.Compared with other crimes,ecological and environmental crimes show the following characteristics:the number of cases of second instance is relatively high;the rate of first-instance cases that have been accepted and settled is relatively low;and the rate of remand and revision is high.On the positive side,ecological and environmental criminal adjudication has given full play to the function of trial supervision and judicial activism to ensure the fairness and reasonableness of conviction and sentencing.However,from the negative side,some problems have also been exposed,specifically including:the results of first-instance adjudication are highly controversial,resulting in the authority of criminal adjudication being impacted,second-instance adjudication challenges the traditional procedural value of criminal proceedings,and the litigation process is caught in a credibility crisis.In response to these problems,the concept of restorative justice has been consistently practiced in the second-instance procedures for environmental crimes,and the coordination of environmental justice has been safeguarded through the differentiation of sentencing.At the same time,by standardizing the application of environmental judicial opinions,the introduction of segregated sentencing procedures to safeguard the adjudication effect of the first trial.It improves the ecological environment criminal justice system from multiple angles,and enhances the judicial efficiency and effectof ecological environment criminal adjudication.