雅各布森论“语法的诗歌”与“诗歌的语法”

Jakobson on“Poetry of Grammar”and“Grammar of Poetry”

“语法的诗歌”(poetryofgrammar)与“诗歌的语法”(grammarofpoetry)是雅各布森文论中一对关键概念。在其文集《文学中的语言》(LanguageinLiterature)第二部分,雅各布森以“诗歌中的语法”为标题,用七章的篇幅对这一主题展开了集中论述。这里既有对“语法的诗歌”和“诗歌的语法”这一对概念的界定,也有将这一对概念用于诗歌文本解读的具体分析。“语法的诗歌”是指诗歌创作的本质在于遵循以“对等”为主导的语法规范,诗歌解读应发现并分析这些语法结构;“诗歌的语法”则强调分析诗歌中特有的平行与对等,这种语法结构的分析可为读者阐释诗歌意义提供路径。厘清“诗歌的语法”内涵,探讨如何在诗歌语言的结构和功能分析的基础上,解读诗歌文本形式的意蕴,诠释诗歌作品的意义生成,有助于进入对于雅各布森语言学诗学的深耕。

“Poetry of grammar”and“grammar of poetry”are two key concepts in Jakobsonian poetics.In the second section of his Language in Literature,Roman Jakobson elaborates on this pair of concepts with seven essays under the section title of“Poetry of Grammar”.He not only defines the gist of the two concepts but also applies them to the specific analysis of poetic texts.“Poetry of grammar”indicates that the essence of poetic creation lies in the fact that poets are following the grammatical norms dominated by“equivalence”,thus poetic interpretation should aim to discover and analyze these grammatical structures;whereas“grammar of poetry”emphasizes the analysis of parallel and equivalence particularly existed in poetry,which can provide means through which readers can interpret the meaning of poetry.This paper aims to clarify the meaning of“grammar of poetry”so as to explore the implied meanings of poetic text and it is hoped that cultivating meaning generation of poetic works by analyzing the structure and function of poetic language is conducive to the in-depth exploration of Jacobson’s linguistic poetics.