三种钝化剂对土壤重金属和羊肚菌子实体重金属含量的影响

Effects of passivators on contents of heavy metals in soil and morel fruiting body

通过田间试验,以不添加钝化剂的处理为对照,研究添加0.5 kg·m^(-2)的生石灰、钙镁磷肥和有机肥这3种钝化剂对土壤重金属有效态含量及六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)子实体重金含量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,添加生石灰、钙镁磷肥和有机肥使羊肚菌子实体干重分别显著(P<0.05)增加1.04倍、1.46倍和44%;添加生石灰和钙镁磷肥还显著提高了土壤的pH。添加生石灰显著降低了土壤有效态Pb、Fe含量,以及羊肚菌子实体中的Cr、Cu含量,显著增加了土壤有效态Cr含量和羊肚菌子实体中的Mn含量。添加钙镁磷肥显著降低了土壤中的有效态Pb、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量,显著增加了羊肚菌子实体中的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量,且使羊肚菌中子实体中的Cr含量显著降低。添加有机肥能显著降低土壤中的有效态Cd、Pb、Fe含量和羊肚菌子实体中的Cd、Cr、Mn含量,显著增加土壤中的有效态Zn、Mn含量和羊肚菌子实体中的Zn含量。综合而言,生石灰、钙镁磷肥和有机肥对土壤中的重金属表现出钝化潜力,有助于减少羊肚菌子实体中非必需重金属(Cd、Pb、Cr)的积累。

In the present study,a field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of addition of 0.5 kg·m^(-2) passivator(quicklime,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,or organic fertilizer)on the contents of available heavy metals in soil the the contents of heavy metals in the morel(Morchella sextelata)fruiting body,with no addition of passivators as the control(CK).The results showed that the dry weight of morel fruiting body was significantly(P<0.05)increased by 1.04 times,1.46 times and 44%with the addition of quicklime,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,or organic fertilizer,respectively,than the control.The soil pH value was singificantly increased with the addition of quicklime,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer compared with the control.The addition of quicklime significantly reduced the available content of Pb and Fe in the soil and the content of Cr and Cu in the morel fruiting body,and significantly increased the available Cr content in the soil and Mn content in the morel fruiting body.Futhermore,with the addition of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,the contents of soil available Pb,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn in the soil were significantly decreased,yet the contents of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn in the morel fruiting body were significantly increased,as well as the Cr content significantly reduced.The addition of organic fertilizer significantly decreased the contents of available Cd,Pb,Fe in the soil and the content of Cd,Cr,Mn in the morel fruiting body,however,the contents of available Zn,Mn in the soil and Zn content in the morel fruiting body were significantly increased.In conclusion,quicklime,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,and organic fertilizer demonstrated effective passivating potential on heavy metals in soil and could decrease the accumulation of nonessential heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Cr)in the morel fruiting body.