烟草品种和垄作对土壤小型节肢动物多样性的影响

Effects of tobacco varieties and ridge culture on diversity of soil microarthropods

[目的]探明烟田小环境变化对小型土壤节肢动物群落组成和多样性的影响,为筛选喀斯特植烟区的适栽品种与种植模式提供科学依据。[方法]2022年7月使用干漏斗法对贵州省凤岗县云烟87和K326种植区的小型土壤节肢动物群落组成和多样性进行调查,分析小型土壤节肢动物与烟田小环境(品种、种植模式及其交互作用)之间的关联性。[结果]调查共获得小型土壤节肢动物6纲16目70科。云烟87与K326小型土壤节肢动物群落组成差异明显,其中,K326垄体与垄沟的小型土壤节肢动物群落组成存在极显著差异,但云烟87无显著差异;K326垄体与云烟87垄体小型土壤节肢动物群落组成差异极显著,而K326垄沟和云烟87垄沟小型土壤节肢动物群落组成无显著差异。K326小型土壤节肢动物类群数、密度和Shannon指数(H′)分别为4.18、5535.56和1.16,显著高于云烟87(2.12、1720.00和0.65),K326垄体小型土壤节肢动物类群数、密度和Shannon指数(H′)分别为5.47、10520.00和1.40,显著高于垄沟(2.90、551.11和0.92),云烟87垄体小型土壤节肢动物仅密度(3000.00)显著高于垄沟(400.00),类群数和Shannon指数(H′)无显著差异;云烟87垄体小型土壤节肢动物类群数、密度和Shannon指数(H′)分别为1.97、3000.00和0.61,显著低于K326垄体(5.47、10520.00和1.40),而云烟87和K326垄沟间小型土壤节肢动物类群数、密度和Shannon指数(H′)无显著差异。[结论]垄作引起的微地形变化对小型土壤节肢动物的影响受烟草品种调控,垄体小型土壤节肢动物对烟草品种变化较垄沟更为敏感。

[Objective]The effects of microenvironment variations on the community composition and diversity of soil microarthropods in tobac-co fields were explored to provide the scientific basis for selecting optimal varieties for cultivation and determining planting patterns in karst tobacco-growing areas.[Method]The community composition and diversity of soil microarthropods in the growing areas of Yunyan 87 and K326 were investigated by the Tullgren method in July 2022 in Fenggang county of Guizhou province.Based on the investigation,the rela-tionship between soil microarthropods and microenvironment(tobacco varieties,planting pattern and their interactions)was analyzed.[Re-sult]A total of 6 classes,16 orders and 70 families of soil microarthropods were identified in the sample plot.The soil microarthropod com-munity composition was significantly different between K326 and Yunyan 87.In K326,the soil microarthropod community composition was very significantly different between ridge and furrow,while no significant difference was observed in Yunyan 87 between the ridge and fur-row.Furthermore,the soil microarthropod community composition in the ridge varied very significantly between K326 and Yunyan 87,but no significant difference was observed between K326 and Yunyan 87 in the furrow pattern.The richness,density and Shannon index(H')of soil microarthropods in K326 were 4.18,5535.56 and 1.16,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in Yunyan 87(values of 2.12,1720.00 and 0.65,respectively).Furthermore,these indexes in the ridge of K326 were 5.47,10520.00 and 1.40,respective-ly,which were significantly greater than those in the furrow pattern(values of 2.90,551.11 and 0.92,respectively).Notably,only the density of soil microarthropods in the ridge(3000.00)of Yunyan 87 was higher than that in the furrow(400.00),while the richness and Shannon index(H')had no obvious diferences.Moreover,the richness,density and Shannon index(H')of soil microarthropods in the ridge of Yunyan 87 were 1.97,3000.00 and 0.61,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the ridge of K326(values of 5.47,10520.00 and 1.40,respectively),whereas no significant differences were found in these parameters between the furrow areas of Yunyan 87 and K326.[Conclusion]The influence of micro-topographical variations resulting from ridge cultivation on soil microarthropods is regulated by the tobacco yarieties,and soil microarthropods inhabiting the ridges displays greater sensitivity to tobacco variety changes com-pared to those in the furrows.