果园生草对苹果叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响

Effects of grass planting in apple orchard on photosynthetic characteristics of apple leaves and apple quality

[目的]探究4种生草模式对苹果叶片光合特性和果实品质形成的影响,并筛选出适宜昭通果园的生草种类。[方法]以红富士为研究对象,设置果园清耕对照,探讨野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC)、星毛繁缕(Stellaria vestita Kurz.)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)以及白花车轴草(Trifolium repens Linn)种群对果树叶绿素含量、光合特性和果实品质的影响。[结果]白花车轴草处理可以提高叶片总叶绿素含量、净光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度、气孔导度和羧化效率,而水分利用率显著降低;野艾蒿处理能增大叶片气孔导度,一定程度上提高胞间CO_(2)浓度,总叶绿素含量和叶片羧化效率降低;星毛繁缕处理能提高胞间CO_(2)浓度,但总叶绿素含量和叶片蒸腾速率降低;黑麦草处理可以显著提高水分利用率和叶片羧化效率,显著降低果树叶片蒸腾速率。品质方面,与清耕相比,各生草处理可使苹果的固形物含量增加0.88%~13.87%,还原糖含量降低2.30%~15.71%,总抗氧化能力增加10.03%~40.92%,黑麦草处理可使果实过氧化氢含量降低41.80%,超氧阴离子清除能力提高12.92%。利用模糊隶属函数法分析,清耕、白花车轴草、野艾蒿、星毛繁缕、黑麦草各处理综合评价值分别为0.4858、0.6044、0.5548、0.4894、0.6059。[结论]不同的草种种群在一定程度上提高果树叶片光合能力,改善果实品质,对4种草种种群进行科学评价,有益于筛选出更为合理的果园生草类型。

[Objective]The study aimed to explore the effects of four weed populations on apple photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quali-ty formation,and screen out suitable grass for planting in Zhaotong orchards.[Method]We conducted a field experiment with Fuji apples and set orchard clear-cutting as the control,and explored the effects of Artemisia absinthium(Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC),Artemisia stel-late(Stellaria vestita Kurz.),Ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)and White-flowered cheatgrass(Trifolium repens Linn)on the leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of the fruit trees.[Result]White-flowered cheatgrass treatment could increase leaf to-tal chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i)),stomatal conductance(G_(5))and carboxylation ef-ficiency(CE),while the water use efficiency(WUE)of the fruit trees was significantly reduced.The Artemisia absinthium treatment could increase leaf G_(s),and improve C_(i),to a certain extent,but it would reduce the total chlorophyll content and leaf CE.Artemisia stellate treatment could increase C_(i),and the total chlorophyll content as well as leaf transpiration rate(T_(r))were reduced.Ryegrass treatment significantly in-creased WUE and CE,but significantly reduced T_(r).Quality aspect,the various raw grass treatments increased fruit solids content by O.88%-13.87%,reduced reducing sugar content by 2.30%-15.71%,increased total antioxidant capacity by 10.03%-40.92%,and the ryegrass treatment reduced hydrogen peroxide content by 41.80%and superoxide anion scavenging capacity by 12.92%,as compared to clear tillage.Using fuzzy membership function analysis,the comprehensive evaluation value of clear tilage,white clover,mugwort,stellaria and ryegrass were 0.4858,0.6044,0.5548,0.4894 and 0.6059,respectively.[Conclusion]Dfferent weed populations can improve the photosynthetic capacity of fruit leaves and improve fruit quality to a certain extent.Scientific evaluation of four weed populations is beneficial to screen out more reasonable grass types in orchards.