宁夏盐碱地水稻根系形态和生理指标与产量的相关分析及综合评价

Correlation analysis and comprehensive evaluation of root morphology,physiological indicators and yield of rice in saline-alkali land of Ningxia

【目的】比较分析宁夏盐碱地不同水稻品种(系)根系形态和生理指标与产量的关系,筛选适宜宁夏盐碱地种植的高产水稻品种(系),为宁夏盐碱地高产水稻品种的选育和种植提供参考。【方法】以4个宁夏常规水稻种植品种(宁粳52号、宁粳57号、96D10、HJW14)和1个海稻86衍生系(陈2)为试验材料,在宁夏盐碱地进行大田种植试验,在生育期关键节点(苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期和灌浆期)测定根系形态指标(根直径、根长、根表面积、根体积、根鲜重和根干重)、生理指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、根系活力、根系总吸收面积和根系活跃吸收面积]和产量及构成因素指标(穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、结实率、产量),并利用相关分析、主成分分析和隶属函数法对不同品种(系)水稻进行综合评价。【结果】不同水稻品种(系)的根直径随着生育期的推进呈逐渐增加趋势,根长、根表面积、根体积在苗期到抽穗期呈逐渐增加趋势,在抽穗期到灌浆期呈下降趋势。宁粳52号、宁粳57号和陈2的根系形态整体表现优于96D10和HJW14。陈2和宁粳57号的根系活力优于宁粳52号、96D10和HJW14。宁粳52号、宁粳57号和陈2的根系总吸收面积和根系活跃吸收面积整体上高于96D10和HJW14。宁粳52号、宁粳57号和陈2在不同生育期的SOD和POD活性均高于96D10和HJW14。在产量表现方面,宁粳52号的产量最高,达7420.97 kg/ha,HJW14的产量最低,为4970.94 kg/ha。相关分析结果表明,产量与根系总吸收面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与SOD和POD活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);主成分分析结果确定根长、根表面积、根鲜重、根干重、根系活力、根系活跃吸收面积、SOD活性和千粒重为耐盐碱关键指标。利用隶属函数结合权重分析法得到不同水稻品种(系)耐盐碱的综合评价值(D)排序为宁粳57号>宁粳52号>陈2>96D10>HJW14。【结论】综合D值与实际产量考虑,宁粳52号在盐碱地表现相对较好,适宜作为宁夏盐碱地种植与示范的高产水稻品种。

【Objective】The study aimed to comparatively analyze the relationship between root morphology and physiological indicators and yield of different rice varieties(lines)in saline-alkali land of Ningxia,and to screen high-yielding rice varieties(lines)suitable for planting in saline-alkali land of Ningxia,providing references for the breeding and planting of high-yielding rice varieties in saline-alkali land of Ningxia.【Method】Four conventional Ningxia rice varieties(Ningjing 52,Ningjing 57,96D10,HJW14)and one Haidao 86 derivative line(Chen 2)were used as test materials to conduct field planting experiments in saline-alkali land of Ningxia.During key growth stages(seedling,tillering,heading and filling stages),root morphological indicators(root diameter,root length,root surface area,root volume,root fresh weight and root dry weight),physiological indicators[superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,root activity,total root absorption area and active root absorption area]and yield and component factor indica‐tors(spike number,kernels per spike,thousand-seed weight,setting rate,yield)were detected.Correlation analysis,principal component analysis and membership function method were used to comprehensively evaluate different rice varieties(lines).【Result】The root diameter of different rice varieties(lines)showed a gradual increasing trend as the rice growth period progressed.The root length,root surface area and root volume showed a gradual increasing trend from the seedling stage to the heading stage,and showed a decreasing trend from the heading stage to the filling stage.The root morphology of Ningjing 52,Ningjing 57 and Chen 2 was better than that of 96D10 and HJW14.The root vitality of Chen 2 and Ningjing 57 was better than that of Ningjing 52,96D10 and HJW14.The total root absorption area and root active absorption area of Ningjing 52,Ningjing 57 and Chen 2 were generally higher than those of 96D10 and HJW14.SOD ac‐tivity and POD activity of Ningjing 52,Ningjing 57 and Chen 2 during different growth stages were higher than those of 96D10 and HJW14.In terms of yield performance,Ningjing 52 had the highest yield of 7420.97 kg/ha,while HJW14 had the lowest yield of 4970.94 kg/ha.Correlation analysis results indicated that yield was significantly positively correlated with the total root absorption area(P<0.05),and extremely significantly positively correlated with SOD activity and POD activity(P<0.01).The principal component analysis results determined that root length,root surface area,root fresh weight,root dry weight,root activity,root active absorption area,SOD activity and thousand-seed weight were key indi‐cators of salt-alkali tolerance.Using the membership function method combined with the weight analysis method,the comprehensive evaluation values(D)for the salt-alkali tolerance of different rice varieties(lines)were ranked as follows:Ningjing 57>Ningjing 52>Chen 2>96D10>HJW14.【Conclusion】Considering the comprehensive D value and the actual yield,Ningjing 52 exhibits relatively good performance in saline-alkali land,making it a suitable high-yield rice variety for planting and demonstration in saline-alkali land of Ningxia.