医疗污水中新污染物特征与环境归趋研究进展

Research progress of occurrence,characteristics and fate of emerging contaminants in medical wastewater

由新污染物引发的环境健康问题已成为全球的关注热点,医疗机构排放的污水是环境中新污染物的重要来源之一,针对当前重点传染病防控常态化时期医疗污水中新污染物浓度大幅提升、对自然水体及生态环境潜在危害增大等现象,综述了医疗污水中包含的抗生素、内分泌干扰素、潜在新污染物的种类和浓度,探讨了医疗污水中新污染物在环境中的去向、去除率及环境贡献量,进一步阐述了医疗污水中新污染物的单一化合物毒性及综合毒性,指出我国现有医疗机构污水排放标准未针对新污染物进行管控,而传统的污水处理工艺难以实现对新污染物的有效去除,针对医疗污水的规范化处理与深度处理新技术的研发势在必行。

The issues of environment and health caused by emerging contaminants have become a worldwide focus.The sewage discharged from medical institutions is one of the important sources of emerging contaminants in the en⁃vironment.During the current period of normalization of key infectious disease prevention and control,the concen⁃tration of emerging contaminants in medical wastewater has significantly increased,along with an increase of poten⁃tial hazards to aquatic ecology.In response to such phenomena,the category and concentration of antibiotics,endo⁃crine disrupting chemicals,and potential emerging contaminants in medical wastewater were discussed.The fate,re⁃moval rate,and contribution of emerging contaminants in medical wastewater to the environment was explored.Fur⁃ther the single compound toxicity and comprehensive toxicity of emerging contaminants in medical wastewater was elaborated.Finally,the current sewage discharge standards for medical institutions in China failure to control emerg⁃ing contaminants was point out,the traditional sewage treatment processes were hard to effectively remove of emerg⁃ing contaminants.Therefore,it was imperative to develop advanced techniques for standardized and tertiary treatment of medical wastewater.