基于地块面积和形状的土地整治机械旋耕效率研究

Mechanical Tillage Efficiency of Land Consolidation Based on Plot Area and Shape

为量化不同面积与形状的地块机械耕作效率差异,科学评价土地整治在机械旋耕效率提升方面的潜力,设计一套标准田块,选取69.83 kW东方红LX950型拖拉机配套旋耕机进行耕作,工作宽幅为200 cm,采用田间实验法对不同面积梯度和形状的地块进行机械旋耕效率测算,并在此基础上,基于区域尺度建立地块面积、形状与机械旋耕效率的耦合关系及函数模型,修正后得到区域尺度机械旋耕效率。结果表明:地块形状的规则程度影响机械旋耕效率,形状越规整,机械旋耕效率越高。在相同的面积梯度上,矩形地块机械旋耕效率最高,梯形地块次之,直角三角形地块最低。随着地块面积的增大,机械旋耕效率不断增加,当地块面积达到一定程度时,机械旋耕效率趋于稳定。当地块面积超过7 000 m^(2)时,机械旋耕效率基本保持不变,矩形、梯形地块机械旋耕效率较高,维持在0.25 s/m^(2),其他形状地块机械旋耕效率较低,维持在0.30 s/m^(2)左右。案例区地块单元水平的机械旋耕效率为0.27 s/m^(2)。其中,中低效地块单元数量最少,占比7.10%;高效地块单元数量最多,占比58.24%。案例区西部机械旋耕效率大于东部,主要由于东部区域土地细碎化程度高于西部区域,地块单元面积较小,形状也不尽规则,从而极大地降低了区域机械旋耕效率。实验结果表明,面积大于7 000 m^(2)地块是大型机械化耕作的适宜耕作规模,地块面积与形状规则程度均影响机械旋耕效率,土地整治工程在扩大地块面积的同时也需保证地块形状的规则化程度。

In order to quantify the difference in mechanical tillage efficiency of plots with different areas and shapes,and scientifically evaluate the potential of land improvement in mechanical tillage efficiency,a set of standard plots was designed,and a 69.83 kW Dongfanghong LX950 tractor supporting rotary tiller was selected for tillage,with a working width of 200 cm.The mechanical rotary tillage efficiency of plots with different area gradients and shapes was measured by field experiment.On this basis,the coupling relationship and function model of the plot area,shape and mechanical rotary tillage efficiency were established based on regional scale,and the regional mechanical rotary tillage efficiency was modified.The results showed that the regularity of plot shape affected the mechanical rotary tillage efficiency.The more regular the shape was,the higher the mechanical rotary tillage efficiency was.In the same area gradient,the mechanical rotary tillage efficiency of rectangular plots was the highest,followed by trapezoidal plots,and triangle plots were the lowest.With the increase of the land area,the mechanical rotary tillage efficiency was increased continuously.When the land area reached a certain degree,the mechanical rotary tillage efficiency tended to be stable.When the land area exceeded 7000 m^(2),the mechanical rotary tillage efficiency basically remained unchanged.The mechanical rotary tillage efficiency of rectangular and trapezoidal plots was higher,maintaining at 0.25 s/m^(2);the mechanical rotary tillage efficiency of other shaped plots was lower,maintaining at about 0.30 s/m^(2).The mechanical rotary tillage efficiency at the unit level in the case area was 0.27 s/m^(2).Among them,the number of low-efficiency land units was the least,accounting for 7.10%.The number of efficient land units was the largest,accounting for 58.24%.The mechanical rotary tillage efficiency in the western part of the case area was greater than that in the eastern part of the case area,mainly because the land fragmentation degree in the eastern part was higher than that in the western part,the land unit area was smaller and the shape was not regular,which greatly reduced the regional mechanical rotary tillage efficiency value.The experimental results showed that plots with an area greater than 7000 m^(2) were suitable for large-scale mechanized farming,and both the plot area and the regularity of the shape affected the efficiency of mechanical rotary farming.While expanding the plot area,the land regulation project also needed to ensure the regularity of the plot shape.