中国“三大球”教练员领导行为结构维度的构建

The Construction of the Structural Dimensions of Leadership Behavior for Chinese“Big Three”Coaches

教练员领导行为直接影响着运动队的训练、比赛和管理,而当前中国“三大球”教练员领导行为的结构维度尚未建立。采用质性研究、深度访谈、量表测试等方法,构建的中国“三大球”教练员领导行为包括“育”“术”“势”“法”“学”5个维度,分别涵盖“率先垂范”“授技育人”“权变应对”“个性关怀”“鼓舞激励”“监督检查”“适度交往”“巧妙沟通”“抓大放小”“果断霸气”“主导球队”“依规治队”“勤于学习”等13个分维度。通过实证检验后所编制的中国“三大球”教练员领导行为各维度的测量量表共含有45个测量条目,具有较高的信度、内容效度、结构效度、跨样本效度,聚合效度和区分效度。本研究构建的中国“三大球”教练员领导行为结构维度与西方所构建的教练员领导行为理论截然不同,具有鲜明的中国特色,为提高中国“三大球”教练员领导力提供了一定的理论依据,并奠定了实证研究的基础。

The leadership behavior of coaches has a direct and significant impact on the training,competition,and management of sports teams.However,the structural dimensions of leadership behavior of coaches of the"Big Three(Ball Games)"in China have not been established.By adopting grounded theory,in-depth interviews,scale testing and other research methods,this study constructs the leadership behavior of"Big Three"coaches in China,which includes five dimensions:"education","technique","potential","method",and"learning".These dimensions cover 13 subdimensions:"setting an example first","teaching skills and educating people","flexibly responding","personalized care","encouragement and motivation","supervision and inspection","moderate communication","skllful communication","focusing on the main things","being decisive and powerful","leading the team","governing the team according to regulations",and"being diligent in learning".The measurement scale for each dimension of the leadership behavior of Chinese coaches in the"Big Three",developed through empirical testing,contains a total of 45 measurement items and has high reliability,content validity,structural validity,cross-sample validity,convergent validity,and discriminant validity.The structural dimensions of the leadership behavior of Chinese"Big Three"coaches constructed in this study are completely different from the previous theories of coach leadership behavior constructed in the West,with distinct Chinese characteristics.It provides a theoretical basis for improving the leadership of coaches of the"Big Three"and lays a foundation for empirical research.