智能制造政策与企业数字化转型——基于《智能制造发展规划(2016—2020年)》政策效果评估

Intelligent Manufacturing Policy and Digital Transformation of Enterprises

我国经济进入高质量发展阶段,制造业逐渐形成数字化、网络化和智能化并行发展的态势。以《智能制造发展规划(2016—2020年)》(以下简称“智能制造政策”)政策为依据,运用双重差分法评估该项政策在企业数字化转型方面的政策效果。实证检验发现,该项政策显著提升了企业数字化转型,尤其促进了企业底层数字技术的研发与应用;在影响机制分析中发现,税收优惠、信贷机制对企业数字化转型有显著影响;异质性检验发现,该项政策对非国有企业、中小型企业、数字基础条件较好企业的数字化转型影响更显著;拓展性分析发现,重点领域企业数字化转型具有同群效应。因此建议:扩大范围,积极发挥政策扩散效应;优化结构,整体提高政策实施效率;立足差异,稳步推进企业数字化转型。

China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development,and the manufacturing industry has gradually formed a path of parallel development of digitalization,networking and intelligence.Based on the policy "Intelligent Manufacturing Development Plan(2016-2020)"(hereinafter referred to as "Intelligent Manufacturing Policy"),this paper evaluates the policy effect of on enterprise digital transformation by using the difference-in-difference method.The empirical test shows that this policy has significantly improved the digital transformation of enterprises,especially promoted the research and development and application of the underlying digital technologies of enterprises.In the analysis of the impact mechanism,it is found that tax incentives and credit mechanisms have a significant impact on the digital transformation of enterprises.Heterogeneity test shows that the policy has a more significant impact on the digital transformation of non-state-owned enterprises,small and medium-sized enterprises,and enterprises with better digital basic conditions,and the expansion analysis shows that the digital transformation of enterprises in key areas has a cohort effect.Therefore,it is proposed to expand the scope,actively play the diffusion effect of policy,optimize the structure,improve the overall efficiency of policy implementation,and steadily promote the digital transformation of enterprises based on differences.