中国特色学徒制的演进特征、问题与建议——基于NVivo的政策文件分析

Evolution Characteristics, Problems and Suggestions of Apprenticeship with Chinese Characteristics: Policy Analysis Based on NVivo

建设中国特色学徒制是完善职业技能培训和解决结构性就业矛盾的重要举措。基于PDCA循环理论和中国特色学徒制政策建构二维分析框架,采用NVivo软件对改革开放以来46份相关政策文件进行编码分析。研究发现,中国特色学徒制政策发展经历了酝酿探索、初步发展、深化完善三个阶段,政策工具使用由单一逐渐过渡到多元,但存在政策工具配置不均、培养模式探索不足、对学徒身份转变和利益保障重视不够、政策工具在学徒制政策内容中使用不均衡等问题。基于此,建议优化政策工具配置,探索多元培养模式,提高政策工具与内容的匹配度等,促进中国特色学徒制发挥更大作用。

To develop apprenticeship cultivation with Chinese characteristics is an important measure to improve vocational skills training and solve the structural employment contradiction.A two-dimensional analysis framework based on PDCA cycle theory and the apprenticeship policy with Chinese characteristics is constructed,and 46 relevant policies since the reform and opening up are coded and analyzed by NVivo software.The research finds that the development of apprenticeship policies with Chinese characteristics has experienced three stages:ebrewing exploration,preliminary development and deepening improvement,and the use of policy tools gradually transforms from single to multiple.However,there are some problems,such as uneven allocation of policy tools,insufficient exploration of cultivating models,insufficient attention to the apprenticeship identity transformation and interest protection,and imbalance use of policy tools in the content of apprenticeship policy.Based on this,it is suggested to optimize the allocation of policy tools,explore multiple cultivating models,and improve the matching between policy tools and policy contents,so as to promote apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics to play a greater role.