光响应的药物递送系统在眼科领域中的应用研究进展

Research progress of light-responsive drug delivery systems in ocular application

刺激响应的药物递送系统可在外源性或内源性刺激下,在病变部位准确释放药物。光相较于其他刺激,具有非侵入性和时空特异性,且可以通过调整波长、功率以及照射时间等参数精确控制药物释放,受到了广泛的关注。眼球作为透明的光学系统,在光响应的药物递送系统应用方面具有独特的优势。本文综述了近十年来光响应的药物递送系统在眼科领域的应用研究进展,涵盖紫外光、可见光以及红外光在眼部的穿透深度、光能量和光毒性,眼部应用中光波段的选择,并综述了基于光裂解、光致异构化、光二聚化及光热转化的药物递送系统中的光敏基团和其发挥作用的机制。此外,本文还讨论了使用光响应的药物递送系统进行角膜药物渗透、眼后节药物输送以及治疗后发性白内障、脉络膜新生血管、眼内炎、难治性角膜炎等疾病的进展。虽然光响应的药物递送系统在眼科应用方面具有独特的优势,但是在未来的研究中需要进一步考虑光毒性、光热损伤、光敏基团的生物安全性以及光照频率、光照时间等安全性问题。

Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems can precisely release drugs at the lesion site under exogenous or endogenous stimuli.Compared to other stimuli,light is non-invasive and offers spatiotemporal specificity.It can precisely control drug release by adjusting parameters such as wavelength,power and irradiation time,which has attracted widespread attention.The eyeball,as a transparent optical system,offers unique advantages for light-responsive drug delivery systems.This paper reviews the research progress in the application of light-responsive drug delivery systems in ophthalmology in the last decade.It covers aspects such as the penetration depth,light energy,and phototoxicity of ultraviolet,visible,and infrared light in the eye,the selection of light wavelengths for ocular applications,and summarizes photosensitive groups and their mechanisms of action in drug delivery systems based on photolysis,photoisomerization,photodimerization,and photothermal conversion.In addition,it discusses advances in the use of light-responsive drug delivery systems for corneal drug penetration,posterior segment drug delivery,and the treatment of diseases such as posterior capsular opacification,choroidal neovascularization,endophthalmitis,and refractory keratitis.While light-responsive drug delivery systems hold unique advantages for ophthalmic applications,future research must address issues related to phototoxicity,photothermal damage,biosafety of photosensitive groups,and safety concerns such as illumination frequency and duration.