数据中心一体化风侧间接蒸发冷却空调系统的研究综述

Research review of air-side indirect evaporative cooling air conditioning systems in data centres

作为数据中心新型冷却方案,一体化风侧间接蒸发冷却空调系统充分利用水分蒸发对室外冷源降温,延长自然冷源利用时长,并有效协同机械制冷减少电能的消耗,具有广泛的应用前景。文章从结构形式、运行模式切换及控制、建模及适用性三方面出发,对文献中的数据和结论进行归纳,并提出未来可关注的优化方向。目前,一体化机组的计算模型主要依据简化经验公式和额定湿球效率,缺少与机械制冷循环的复合系统模型;所采用基于静态阈值的运行模式切换方法未充分考虑机组能效、机房温度等动态变化的影响;风机、喷淋水泵和补冷压缩机所采用的分级调控策略难以对风侧和水侧进行协同控制,无法充分实现自然和机械冷源的耦合优化。

As an advanced cooling solution for data centers,the air-side indirect evaporative cooling air-conditioning system fully utilizes the cooling effect of water evaporation on the outdoor cold source,extends the utilization time of natural cold sources,to reduce the energy consumption of mechanical refrigeration,showing broad application pros-pects.This article summarizes the current research status and future development trends through literature review,including the structure of integrated units,the switching and control of operating modes,and the modeling and applicability analysis.Currently,the modelling approaches for integrated units mainly rely on simplified empirical formulas or rated efficiency,lacking hybrid system model with the mechanical refrigeration cycle.The operating mode switching methods are all based on static thresholds,without considering the effects of dynamic system efficiency and room temperature.The staged control strategies of fans,spraying water pumps,and supplementary cooling compressors cannot coordinate the air side and water side,which makes it difficult to realize the coupled optimization of natural and mechanical cooling sources.