山东电力现货市场“五一”假期长时间负电价现象分析及启示

Analysis and Enlightenment of Long-time-scale Negative Electricity Prices in Shandong Electricity Spot Market of China During “May Day” Holiday

负电价是高比例新能源电力系统中出现的新现象。针对“五一”期间山东电力现货市场出现的长时间负电价现象,结合山东电力系统运行特点、市场出清与定价模型,围绕供需关系、参与主体、报价情况等各方面因素,系统分析了负电价产生机理以及负电价对煤电机组、新能源、电力用户收益和购电成本的影响。分析结果表明,山东出现的长时间负电价现象反映了整体上供大于求的关系,是新能源消纳需求对市场价格影响的体现。同时,配合中长期差价合约机制,负电价对发用电两侧市场主体的经济收益影响有限。在此基础上,提出了完善电力市场机制设计的相关建议。

Negative electricity price is a new phenomenon that occurs in power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy.Focusing on the phenomenon of long-time-scale negative electricity prices in the Shandong electricity spot market of China during the “May Day” holiday,considering the operation characteristics of Shandong power system of China,market clearing and pricing models,the formation mechanism of negative electricity prices,as well as the impact of the negative electricity price on the benefits and electricity purchasing costs of coal-fired power units,renewable energy,and power consumers,are comprehensively analyzed from the various factors such as supply-demand relation,participants,bidding.The analysis results show that the long-time-scale negative electricity price in Shandong province of China reflects the relationship of whole supply exceeding demand and the impact of renewable energy consumption demand on the market price.At the same time,in conjunction with the medium-and long-term contract for difference mechanism,the negative electricity price has a limited impact on the economic benefits of the market participants on both power generation and consumption sides.On this basis,some relevant suggestions are put forward to improve the design of electricity market mechanisms.