产教融合培养卓越工程人才的“学习工厂”形成机理与运行机制

The “Learning Factory” for Cultivating Excellent Engineering Talents Through Industry-Education Integration:Formation Mechanism and Operation Mechanism

工业4.0的蓬勃发展使校企共建、多主体参与的学习工厂成为工业4.0时代培养卓越工程人才的重要模式。文章在梳理学习工厂演进历史的基础上,选取来自德国、奥地利、巴西和中国5所大学的学习工厂的典型案例进行质性编码,分析其形成机理与运行机制。研究发现:学习工厂受工业4.0下大学培养卓越工程人才和新兴产业发展双重驱动,由政府与市场两种力量主导,在创新技术支持下形成了政校联办、校企合办的双主体共建和单主体主导下的多主体参与两种模式。由多主体要素联结的分阶段供给机制、新兴产业导向的课程开发机制、真实工程情境下跨学科项目式学习的实践教学机制和互惠共享的利益分配机制构成的运行机制保证了学习工厂的稳健运行与持续发展。

The vigorous development of industry 4.0 has made Learning Factory,which is jointly built by universities and enterprises with the participation of multiple subjects,become an important mode for cultivating excellent engineering talents in the era of Industry 4.0.Based on the evolution history of Learning Factories,the paper selects typical cases of Learning Factories from five universities in Germany,Austria,Brazil,and China for qualitative coding,and analyzes their formation mechanism and operation mechanism.It is found that Learning Factories are driven by the fourth industrial revolution,the cultivation of modern engineering talents and the development of emerging industries by universities,led by both government and market forces,and supported by innovative technology to form two modes of dual-principal co-construction by government-university and university-enterprise cooperation and multi-principal participation under the leadership of single-principal,which have the dual functions of universities and factories.The operation mechanism consisting of a phased supply mechanism linked by multi-principal elements,a curriculum development mechanism oriented to emerging industries,a practical teaching mechanism of interdisciplinary project-based learning in real engineering situations,and a benefit distribution mechanism for mutual benefit and sharing ensures the sound operation and sustainable development of the Learning Factory.