教育强国目标下基础教育教师资源配置标准与需求预测

Teacher Resource Allocation Standards and Demand Projection under the Goal of Building A Powerful Country in Education

强教必先强师,教育强国目标对教师充足性提出了高要求,学龄人口变动则为优化教师资源配置提供了新机遇。参考世界教育强国教师资源配置水平,综合生师比和班师比等关键指标,分时期、分城乡形成我国2023—2035年基础教育教师资源配置方案。测算结果显示,到2035年,在基础教育各学段实行城镇乡统一的教师资源配置标准,实现幼儿园、小学、初中、普通高中、中职学校生师比分别降至11.7、14、11.3、11.3、14.3的目标;2023—2035年,缩减城镇小学和所有地区中学的平均班额,使平均班额每年缩减1—2人;到2035年,小学、初中、普通高中的平均班额分别降至22.3人/班、23.9人/班、23.9人/班,各学段平均班额在城、镇、乡之间实现统一。从目前各级各类教育专任教师总规模和基于各学段教师需求缺口预测结果来看,我国师资队伍已经初步具备建设教育强国的数量基础。为把握优化基础教育教师资源配置机遇,应面向未来分时期、分城乡动态优化专任教师资源配置标准,逐步降低各级各类教育的生师比;“十四五”末与“十五五”期间着力降低初中和普通高中的平均班额,按需推进城镇中小学一体化办学和乡村小规模学校合并转设;提高基础教育师资配置的灵活性和互通性,推进优质师资队伍共建共享。

We must have better teachers first if we are to strengthen education.The goal of building a powerful country in education puts forward demanding requirements for the adequacy of teachers, while demographic shifts in the school-age population present new opportunities for optimizing the allocation of teacher resources.By referring to the allocation level of teacher resources in the world's powerful countries in education, and integrating the key indicators such as the student-teacher ratio and the class-teacher ratio, a new teacher resource allocation plan in basic education for China's goal of building a powerful country in education is formed in different periods and urban and rural areas from 2023 to 2035.By 2035,unified standards for the allocation of teacher resources will be implemented at all levels of basic education, and the pupil-teacher ratio in kindergartens, primary schools, lower secondary schools, upper secondary general schools and upper secondary vocational schools will be reduced to 11.7,14,11.3,11.3 and 14.3,respectively. From 2023 to 2035,reduce the average class size of urban primary schools and all regional secondary schools, so that the average class size will be reduced by 1-2 students per year;By 2035,the average class size of primary schools, lower secondary schools and upper secondary general schools will be reduced to 22.3 students/class, 23.9 students/class and 23.9 students/class.Based on the current total scale of teachers and prediction of teacher demand gap at all levels of basic education, China's teaching staff will initially have the quantitative basis for optimizing the allocation of teacher resources.To assist in the construction of an educational power, we should dynamically optimize the allocation standards of full-time teacher resources for the future and gradually reduce student-teacher ratio at all levels of education and in different periods;By the end of the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan and during the 15^(th) Five-Year Plan, efforts will be made to reduce the average class size of secondary schools and reasonably adjust the spatial layout of primary and secondary schools;Enhance the flexibility and interoperability of teacher allocation in basic education, and empower the construction of teachers' team to promote the sharing of high-quality teacher resources.