“社会-生态系统”视角下耕地生态系统服务内涵解析与研究框架

Exploring the connotation and research framework of cultivated land ecosystem services from the perspective of social-ecological systems

耕地是一个典型的半自然、半人工复合生态系统,耕地生态系统服务已然成为耕地资源研究领域的热点和前沿。然而,耕地生态系统服务研究更多遵循“分布格局-生态过程-服务水平-人类福祉”单向级联逻辑,较少关注耕地系统中自然生态与人类社会的交互关系。基于以“资源单元、资源系统、使用者、治理系统”为主体的社会-生态系统一般分析框架,构建了社会-生态系统视角下的耕地生态系统服务分析框架,提出以“背景诊断-交互分析-机制揭示-治理路径”为脉络的耕地生态系统服务管理研究的理论逻辑与研究框架,有助于阐明耕地生态子系统与社会子系统交互过程中的生态系统服务供需和权衡关系及其与人类福祉的相互影响,揭示处于社会-生态系统中的以耕地生态系统服务为抓手的耕地生态系统演化与发展的因果机制、反馈机制,进而丰富耕地生态系统服务的人地关系理论,为促进耕地多功能保护、实现耕地资源可持续发展提供理论参考和实践借鉴。

Cultivated land is a typical semi-natural and semi-artificial composite ecosystem,and cultivated land ecosystem services have become a hot spot and frontier in the field of cultivated land resources research.However,the research on cultivated land ecosystem services mostly followed the one-way cascade logic of“distribution pattern-ecological process-service capacity-human well-being”,and paid less attention to the interaction between natural ecology and human society in the cultivated land system.Moreover,there are still great challenges in applying the existing research fundings to the management of regional cultivated land ecosystem services.The framework of social-ecological system has gradually become a general but adaptable framework in the field of sustainability research,with a particular focus on the interdependence between social and environmental changes,as well as how these interdependent connections affect the achievement of sustainable development goals and other issues.Thus,based on the general analysis framework of social-ecological system with“resource units,resource systems,users and governance systems”as the main body,this study constructed an analysis framework of cultivated land ecosystem service from the perspective of social-ecological system.Specifically,the capacity of cultivated land ecosystem services is a reflection of the state of resource system;The resource system is composed of resource units and is influenced by them,and the capacity of cultivated land ecosystem services are determined by the structure and processes of social and ecological units;Users are stakeholders of ecosystem services in the cultivated land system,and the management of cultivated land ecosystem services needs to be centered around the“users”.That is,the level of human well-being is the ultimate manifestation of whether cultivated land ecosystem services meet the needs of the“users”system;The governance system is composed of a series of policies and plans,which affects the capacity of the cultivated land ecosystem services.Based on the above analysis framework,we put forward the theoretical logic and research framework of cultivated land ecosystem service management with the context of“background diagnosis-interaction analysis-mechanism revelation-governance path”.This helps to clarify the supply-demand and trade-off relationship of ecosystem services in the interaction between the ecological and social subsystems of cultivated land,as well as their mutual impact on human well-being.It also reveals the causal and feedback mechanisms of the evolution of cultivated land ecosystem services in the social-ecological systems,so as to analyze the complex relationship between the elements of cultivated land ecosystem subsystem and human society subsystem,and enrich the man-land relationship theory of cultivated land ecosystem service.It provides theoretical reference and practical reference for promoting the multi-functional protection of cultivated land and realizing the sustainable development of cultivated land resources.