陇东旱塬区5个饲用甜高粱品种生产适宜性评价

Suitability of five forage sweet sorghum varieties for production in the dry plateau area of Longdong

为筛选适宜在陇东旱塬区种植的丰产优质饲用甜高粱品种,本研究通过2021-2022年田间定位试验对5个饲用甜高粱品种的农艺性状、干物质积累及分配、饲用品质以及水氮资源利用效率等方面进行了系统比较。结果表明,品种对饲用甜高粱主要农艺性状、饲用品质以及水氮利用效率具有显著影响(P<0.05)。其中,收获期株高和茎粗最大的品种均为绿巨人,两年平均分别达到344.9 cm、24.2 mm;叶面积指数最大的品种是海牛,两年平均为3.6;鲜草产量和干草产量最大的品种是绿巨人,两年平均分别达到78.4、22.1 t·hm^(-2);全株粗蛋白含量最高的品种是大卡,两年平均为7.6%;中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量以海狮最低,两年平均分别为54.9%和27.6%;相对饲喂价值、相对饲草品质以海狮为最高,两年平均分别达到了115.5、158.1;干物质水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均以绿巨人为最高,两年平均分别为45.7 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)、122.7 kg·kg^(-1)。灰色关联度方法综合评价得出,绿巨人较其他品种更适宜在陇东旱塬区种植与推广。

The aim of this study was to select productive and high-quality forage sweet sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)varieties suitable for cultivation in the Longdong dry Loess Plateau area.A field trial was conducted in 2021-2022 to compare five sweet sorghum varieties in terms of their agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and partitioning,forage quality,and water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies.The results showed that the variety had significant(P<0.05)effects on the major agronomic traits,forage quality,and water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies of forage sweet sorghum.Among the tested varieties,‘Lvjuren’had the greatest plant height and stem thickness at harvest(average of 344.9 cm and 24.2 mm,respectively,over the 2 years).‘Hainiu’had the largest leaf area index(2-year average,3.6),whereas‘Lvjuren’had the highest fresh and hay yields(2-year averages of 78.4 and 22.1 t·ha^(-1),respectively).‘Daka’had the highest crude protein content(2-year average,7.6%).‘Sealion’had the lowest contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber(2-year averages of 54.9%and 27.6%,respectively),but the highest relative forage value and relative forage quality(2-year averages of 115.5 and 158.1,respectively).The dry matter water-use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were both highest in‘Lvjuren’(2-year averages of 45.7 kg·ha^(-1)·mm^(-1) and 122.7 kg·kg^(-1),respectively).This comprehensive evaluation of five sorghum varieties using the grey correlation analysis method showed that‘Lvjuren’is more suitable than other varieties for planting and popularizing in the Longdong dry Loess Plateau area.