豫北地区18个秋播饲用燕麦品种抗倒伏特性及生产性能评价

Lodging resistance and production performance of 18 autumn-sown forage oat varieties in northern Henan Province

为了解秋播饲用燕麦在豫北地区的抗倒伏特性和生产性能,本研究测定了18个品种的干草产量、分蘖数、越冬率和不同时期倒伏率,分析了燕麦倒伏与株高、穗位高及茎秆形态的关系。结果表明:80%的燕麦品种从抽穗期开始倒伏,乳熟中期收获时倒伏率为10.0%~95.0%,其中,贝利和大富豪两个品种倒伏率较低;第1节和第2节茎粗、第2节干重等反映茎秆强度的指标与倒伏率呈显著负相关(P<0.05);18个燕麦品种生育期为182~207 d,干草产量、株高、越冬率和返青期分蘖数分别为11.99~20.46 t·hm^(-2)、1.11~1.52 m、83.7%~96.6%和5.3~8.5个·株-1,贝利、爱沃和燕王3个品种干草产量较高,达20 t·hm^(-2)。综合抗倒伏特性、干草产量和营养品质,本研究认为贝利、燕王和大富豪3个品种适宜在豫北地区秋播种植。

The aim of this study was to compare the lodging resistance and production performance of 18 autumnsown forage oat(Avena sativa)varieties in northern Henan Province.A field study was conducted to determine the lodging incidence at different growth stages,hay yield,tillering characteristics,and winter survival of 18 oat varieties.Then,the relationships between lodging and plant height,ear height,and stem morphology were evaluated.The results showed that:80%of oat varieties began to show lodging from the heading stage,and the lodging incidence ranged from 10%to 95%at the mid-milk maturity stage.Among the 18 varieties,‘Baler’and‘Millionaire’had the lowest lodging incidence.The lodging incidence was negatively correlated with stem morphological indexes including stem base diameter(1^(st) and 2^(nd) internode diameters)and 2^(nd) internode dry weight(P<0.05).The 18 varieties were able to complete the entire growth and development process in the experimental area,and the growth period ranged from 182 to 207 days.Among the 18 varieties,the number of tillers at the greening stage,hay yield,plant height,and winter survival rate ranged from 5.3 to 8.5 per plant,11.99 to 20.46 t·ha^(-1),1.11 to 1.52 m,and 83.7%to 96.6%,respectively.The hay yields of‘Baler’,‘Everleaf’,and‘Forage Plus’were significantly higher than those of other varieties,and the hay yield of these three varieties exceeded 20 t·ha^(-1).Based on a multivariate evaluation of lodging resistance,hay yield,and nutritional quality,‘Baler’,‘Forage Plus’,and‘Millionaire’were identified as suitable varieties for autumn sowing in northern Henan Province.