礼治、法治、德治:梁启超群学思想的三个维度

Rule of Rite,Rule of Law and Rule of Morality:Three Dimensions of Liang Qichao's Social Community Thoughts

群学思想是梁启超社会变革主张的基石。“群”是道德和政治的共同体,如何实现良好群治是重拾中华民族信心的关键。梳理历史,梁启超将礼治视为治群的初始手段;立足当下,他主张以强化法治精神来弥补礼治的不足;着眼未来,他提倡德治以期建立一个和谐的世界性“大群”。从过程看,礼治、法治、德治作为三种治理手段贯穿于梁启超群学思想始末。其间,他对“群”的本质、功能及其流变,礼与法的功能及其重点,群德的养成以及公德与私德的新内涵做出系统阐发。最终,梁启超超越了由礼治回护的国家民族主义,走向日臻德境的世界大同。

The Social Community(Social Group,also "Qun") Thoughts is the cornerstone of Liang Qichao's social reform ideas. "Qun" is a moral and political community,and how to realize good group governance is the key to regaining the confidence of the Chinese nation.Reviewing history,he regarded ruling of rite as the initial means of governing the group.Based on the present,he advocated strengthening the spirit of ruling of law to make up for the shortcomings of the ruling of rites.Focusing on the future,he advocated ruling of morality in order to build up a harmonious global "big group". In terms of the process,Liang Qichao's idea of "Qun" has been carried through as three means of governance,namely,the rule of rite,the rule of law,and the rule of morality.During the process,he systematically explained the nature,function and change of "Qun",the function and focus of rite and law,the cultivation of group morality,and the new connotation of public and private virtues.In the end,he transcended the nationalism protected by the rule of rites,and moved towards a global commonwealth,which was becoming more and more virtuous.