慢性阻塞性肺疾病的免疫机制及颗粒酶的潜在作用

Immune mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the potential role of granzyme

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是以持续存在的气流受限和呼吸系统症状为特征的一种疾病,肺功能检查是评估气流受限的主要手段。随着研究的进展,COPD的免疫机制被进一步阐明。当气道黏膜接触到相应刺激后,肺组织局部固有免疫被激活,释放促炎因子和趋化因子触发炎症反应,在小气道和肺实质中T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的数量明显增加,由其介导的适应性免疫失调是COPD病程进展的重要原因之一,同时,新的重要分子如颗粒酶逐渐成为研究热点。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a disease characterized by persistent airflow restriction and respiratory symptoms.Pulmonary function examination is the main means to evaluate airflow restriction.With the progress of researches,the immune mechanism of COPD has been further clarified.When airway mucosa is exposed to corresponding stimuli,local innate immunity of lung tissue is activated,and proinflammatory factors and chemokines are released to trigger inflammatory response.The number of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in small airways and lung parenchyma increases significantly.The adaptive immune disorder mediated by T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes is one of the important reasons for the progression of COPD.Meanwhile,new important molecules such as granzyme have gradually become a research hotspot.