国家公园综合行政执法改革

The comprehensive administrative law enforcement reform in national parks

综合行政执法改革的核心要务是整合统领相近的执法职能,实行执法队伍综合设置。这一改革举措在其它领域的成功应用可为改良国家公园行政执法模式贡献思路。通过梳理发现,我国首批国家公园行政执法呈现执法主体多元独立、执法职能整合不一、执法地位保障不同等外在特征,影响了统一规范高效的国家公园体制建立,为此,设计了“强综合行政执法”和“弱综合行政执法”等2种具有不同适用场景的执法模式。其中,“强综合行政执法”的执法主体为属地政府,要求地方政府与国家公园的发展目标易于匹配;“弱综合行政执法”的执法主体为国家公园管理机构(承担资源保护类执法)+属地政府(承担多种社会职能执法),要求国家公园管理机构自身具有较强的资源保护综合执法能力。未来,要真正实现国家公园综合行政执法落地,还需从政策、立法、体制等层面给予充足保障。

The comprehensive administrative law enforcement reform fulfills the core task of integrating and leading similar law enforcement functions,and implementing comprehensive setting of law enforcement teams.The successful application of this reform measure in other fields can contribute ideas to reinforce the administrative law enforcement mode of national parks.This study combs through related materials and finds that the first batch of national park law enforcement in China is externally featured by pluralistic and independent law enforcement subjects,inconsistent integration of law enforcement functions,and different security levels of law enforcement positions,affecting the establishment of a unified,standardized,and efficient national park system.Therefore,two types of law enforcement modes with different application scenarios(i.e.“strong comprehensive administrative law enforcement”and“weak comprehensive administrative law enforcement”)have been designed.On the one hand,the local government is the law enforcement”and“weak comprehensive administrative law enforcement”,stipulating that the development goals of the local government should be easily matched with those of the national park.On the other hand,the national park management agency(in charge of resource protection law enforcement)+local government(in charge of various social function law enforcement)are the law enforcement subject of“weak comprehensive administrative law enforcement”,requiring the national park management agency itself to develop a strong holistic law enforcement capacity for resource protection.In the future,it is necessary to provide sufficient guarantees from the levels of policy,legislation,and system,so as to truly implement comprehensive administrative law enforcement in national parks.