碳达峰碳中和视域下我国生态安全的现状、难点及进路

The Status,Difficulty and Improvement of Ecological Security in Context of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality

实现碳达峰碳中和、保障生态安全是生态文明建设的重要内容。目前,我国适应碳达峰碳中和的生态安全保障体系已基本形成,但在理念融合、治理体系、发展模式、法治保障等方面仍存在难点。为此,应以整体主义为基本立场,以协同治理为进路,完善生态安全保障体系。在理念层面,生态安全观与低碳发展理念的融合基础在于主体的生态理性实践。在治理层面,政府、企业和公众在现代环境治理体系中承担不同的角色和功能,应结合碳达峰碳中和的特点,注重实现主体之间的协同。在发展方式层面,应将生态安全作为发展与转型的底线,实现减污降碳协同增效。在法治层面,应从立法、执法、司法三个方面完善以碳达峰碳中和为导向的生态安全法治保障体系,实现碳达峰碳中和与生态安全的协同共进。

To achieve carbon peak and neutrality and ensure ecological security are important tasks of ecological civilization construction.At present,the policy and legal system to ensure ecological security which adapts to carbon peak and neutrality has been basically in place,but there are still several difficulties in theoretic integration,governance approach,development model and legal protection.The approach to improving ecological security system from the view of carbon peak and neutrality should be based on holism and collaborative governance.At the conceptual level,the integration of the ecological security and low-carbon development is based on the ecological rational practice,and exists as part of the overall concept of ecological civilization.At the governance level,government,enterprises and the public assume different roles and functions in the modern environmental governance.Based on the characteristics of carbon peak and neutrality,the improvement and coordination of the governance should be concerned.At the development level,energy transition is the key to improving the green,low-carbon and circular development system,and ecological security should be taken as the bottom line of transition,in order to achieve synergies in reducing pollution and carbon.At the level of rule of law,the system of law for ecological security should be guided by carbon peak and neutrality from legislation,enforcement and justice,in order to realize the coordination of carbon peaking and neutrality and ecological security.