山地城市滨水空间生态系统服务感知研究

Study on the Perception of Ecosystem Services in Mountainous Urban Waterfront Space

滨水空间为城市提供了重要的生态系统服务功能,该功能于山地城市滨水空间而言,常呈现出突出的供需错位问题。基于公众对河流生态系统服务需求感知的滨水空间规划设计和利用方式,对于充分发挥河流生态系统服务功能和提升人类福祉具有重要作用。以重庆花溪河为例,采用问卷调查与半结构化访谈的方式,获取公众生态系统服务感知数据,运用IPA分析、配对样本T检验和方差分析等方法,分析公众对于滨水空间生态系统服务的重要性认识和绩效表现,从而确定各个建设阶段滨水空间生态系统服务提升优先次序,进一步探讨生态系统服务感知与景观要素偏好特征,最后为滨水空间景观优化提供建议。结果表明:公众对城市河流生态系统服务的期望较高,但满意度却普遍低于该期望值;公众对不同建设阶段滨水空间的生态系统服务改善需求存在差异,未改造河段与规划待建河段首要诉求是水质净化,已改造河段亟需进行文化地方感营造,而所有河段均需要提升娱乐旅游服务功能;公众更容易从自然要素中,尤其是植物群落结构和河流水质水量,感知到各类生态系统服务,但人工要素介入有助于增强文化服务感知。研究结果为公众参与滨水空间景观规划管理提供参考,使其进一步满足公众期望。

Waterfront space provides important ecosystem services for cities,and a mismatch between supply and demand for urban waterfront space in mountainous areas often characterizes this function.Waterfront space planning,design,and utilization based on the public's perception of river ecosystem service demand play an important role in giving full play to river ecosystem service functions and enhancing human well-being.This paper takes Huaxi River in Chongqing as an example,adopt questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview to obtain public ecosystem service perception data,and analyze the public's awareness of the importance of ecosystem services in the waterfront space and its performance by using IPA analysis,paired-sample t-test and analysis of variance(ANOVA),to determine the priority of ecosystem service enhancement in the waterfront space in each stage of the construction,and to further investigate The study further explores the characteristics of ecosystem service perception and landscape element preference,and finally provides suggestions for waterfront space landscape optimization.The results of this study show that the public's expectation of the ecosystem services of urban rivers is high,but the satisfaction level is generally lower than the expectation;the public's demand for ecosystem service improvement in waterfront spaces at different stages of construction varies,with water purification being the primary demand of unimproved river sections and river sections to be constructed in the planning stage,while the improved sections urgently need to create a sense of culture and place,and all sections of the river need to improve the recreation and tourism services;the public is more likely to recognize the ecosystem services from the natural elements,especially from the landscape elements.The public is likelier to perceive ecosystem services from natural elements,especially plant community structure and river water quality and quantity.Still,the intervention of artificial elements can help enhance cultural service perception.The results of this study will provide a reference for public participation in landscape planning and management of waterfront spaces so that they can further meet public expectations.