公共教育扩张政策与教育收益率的城乡差异

Public Education Expansion Policy and the Urban-Rural Differences in the Rate of Return on Education

基于2019年中国家庭收入调查数据,通过教育收益率的因果性和异质性测量,实证评估了公共教育扩张政策的个体增收效应和收入分配效应。研究结果如下:(1)利用描述性统计法分析发现,公共教育扩张政策对城镇劳动力受教育程度的提升作用高于农村,因而教育功能具有“城市偏向型”的特征;(2)利用工具变量法纠正内生性问题后,发现公共教育扩张政策对非农户籍具有更强的个体增收效应,农村劳动力的教育收益率高于城镇,大学教育收益率高于义务教育阶段,揭示了公共教育扩张政策的个体增收效应具有“农村导向型”的特征;(3)利用无条件分位数回归及其处理效应模型发现,义务教育改革和高校扩招具有缩小城乡劳动力组内工资收入差距的收入分配功能。

Based on the data of CHIP 2019,this paper empirically evaluates the individual income increase effect and income distribution effect of the public education expansion policy through the measurement of causality and heterogeneity concerning the rate of return on education.Key findings are summarized as follows:(1)Statistical descriptions reveal that the public education expansion policy has a more significant impact on enhancing the educational attainment of the urban workforce compared to the rural workforce,thereby imbuing the educational function with a distinctly"urban-oriented"characteristic.(2)After using the instrumental variable method to correct endogenous problems,it is found that the public education expansion policy has a stronger individual income increase effect on non-agricultural registered residence.The rate of return on education of rural workforce is higher than that of urban workforce,and the rate of return on university education is higher than on compulsory education.This reveals that the individual income increase effect of the public education expansion policy has a"rural oriented"characteristic.(3)Using unconditional quantile regression and its treatment effect model,it is found that the reform of compulsory education and the expansion of college enrollment have the income distribution function of narrowing the wage income gap between urban and rural labor groups.