阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停合并代谢相关性脂肪性肝病的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

Risk Factors Analysis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Combined with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Construction of Prediction Model

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)人群的临床特征和危险因素,并构建预测模型,以为临床诊治提供参考。方法选取2020年1月~2022年12月湖北医药学院附属襄阳市第一人民医院收治的228例OSA患者,按照有无合并MAFLD将其分为OSA+MAFLD组(n=94)和OSA组(n=134),按照肝/脾CT值之比将OSA+MAFLD组进一步分为OSA+轻度MAFLD组(n=56)和OSA+中重度MAFLD组(n=38),收集所有患者的一般临床资料、多导睡眠监测(polysomnography,PSG)、血清学检查等相关指标及参数进行统计学分析。结果单因素分析结果显示,OSA组的年龄、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)、氧减指数(oxygen reduction index,ODI)、最长呼吸暂停时间(longest apnea time,LAT)、鼾声次数、最低血氧饱和度(lowest saturation oxygen,LSpO_(2))、平均血氧饱和度(mean oxygen saturation,MSpO_(2))、SpO_(2)<90%的时间(CT90%)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,GGT)与OSA+MAFLD组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);OSA+轻度MAFLD组的年龄、高脂血症、BMI、AHI、ODI、LAT、鼾声次数、LSpO_(2)、MSpO_(2)、CT90%、ALT与OSA+中重度MAFLD组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、BMI、AHI、鼾声次数是OSA合并MAFLD发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);年龄、BMI、AHI、ALT为OSA合并中重度MAFLD发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);并建立Logistic回归模型:Y1=-13.183+0.083年龄+0.205BMI+0.039AHI+0.002鼾声次数,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.915,回归模型的敏感度为87.2%,特异性为82.8%;Y2=-44.956+0.146年龄+0.510BMI+0.056AHI+0.022ALT,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.924,回归模型的敏感度为78.9%,特异性为91.1%。结论在临床工作中,对年龄越大、BMI越高、AHI越高、鼾声次数越多的OSA患者更应考虑MAFLD的发生,年龄越大、BMI越高、AHI越高、ALT越高的OSA合并MAFLD患者更严重,本研究构建的联合预测模型具有更好的诊断价值,可为临床早期诊断OSA合并MAFLD提供参考。

Objective To investigate clinical features and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)complicated with metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),and to construct a prediction model,so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treat-ment.Methods A total of 228 OSA patients admitted to Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital Affiliate to Hubei University of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected.According to whether complicated with MAFLD,the patients were divided into OSA+MAFLD group(n=94)and OSA group(n=134).According to the liver/spleen CT values,OSA+MAFLD group was further di-vided into OSA+mild MAFLD group(n=56)and OSA+moderate-severe MAFLD group(n=38).General clinical data,polysomnog-raphy(PSG),serological examination and other related indicators and parameters of all patients were collected for statistical analysis.Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the OSA group and the OSA+MAFLD group in age,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,body mass index(BMI),apnea hypopnea index(AHI),oxygen reduction index(ODI),lon-gest apnea time(LAT),snore frequency,lowest saturation oxygen(LSpO_(2)),mean oxygen saturation(MSpO_(2)),CT90%,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),-glutamyltransferase(CGT)(P<0.05);and there were significant differences between the OSA+mild MAFLD group and the OSA+moderate-severe MAFLD group in age,hyperlip-idemia,BMI,AHI,ODI,LAT,snore frequency,LSpO_(2),MSpO_(2),CT90%and ALT(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis showed that age,BMI,AHI,snore frequency were independent risk factors for OSA and MAFLD(P<0.05);Age,BMI,AHI and ALT were independent risk factors for OSA with moderate-severe MAFLD(P<0.05).The Logistic regression model was established:Y1=-13.183+0.083age+0.205BMI+0.039AHI+0.002snore frequency,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.915,and the sensitivity and specificity of the regression model were 87.2%and 82.8%.Y2=-44.956+0.146age+0.510BMI+0.056AHI+0.022ALT,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.924,and the sensitivity and specificity of the regression model were 78.9%and 91.1%.Conclusion In clinical work,the occurrence of MAFLD should be considered for OSA pa-tients with older age,higher BMI,higher AHI,and more snoring frequency.OSA patients with MAFLD with older age,higher BMI,higher AHI,and higher ALT are more serious.Moreover,the combined prediction model constructed in this study has better diagnostic value,and can provide reference for early diagnosis of OSA complicated with MAFLD.