芬太尼类新精神活性物质的滥用及法医毒理学意义

Abuse of New Psychoactive Substances of Fentanyl and its Significance in Forensic Toxicology

随着各种合成药品的不断出现,新型精神活性物质的滥用现象在全球范围内呈现出快速增长的趋势。芬太尼类新精神活性物质是一种合成的阿片类激动剂,与阿片类药物相似,主要作用于中枢神经系统的μ阿片受体(MOR),引起神经递质多巴胺的释放,从而产生欣快感,长期使用具有成瘾性,过量滥用可因呼吸抑制而死亡。在法医检案中涉及芬太尼类新精神活性物质死亡的案件往往比较复杂,通常联合其他物质或使用新设计的芬太尼类物质。因此,了解芬太尼类新精神活性物质的种类和中毒死亡情况以及准确检测和鉴定芬太尼类物质对法医检案至关重要。本文回顾了近年来有关芬太尼类新精神活性物质在法医检案中的相关研究,包括其药理毒理作用、中毒死亡情况、检材的提取及检测方法等方面,旨在为法医工作者对该类物质引起中毒案件的鉴定及检测提供思路。

With the continuous emergence of various synthetic drugs,the abuse of new psychoactive substances has shown a rapid growth trend worldwide.Fentanyl-related new psychoactive substances are synthetic opioid agonists,similar to opioid drugs,mainly acting on theμ-opioid receptor(MOR)in the central nervous system,causing the release of neurotransmitter dopamine and producing euphoria.Long-term use can be addictive,and excessive abuse can lead to death due to respiratory depression.In forensic investigations,cases involving deaths due to fentanyl-related new psychoactive substances are often complex,usually involving other substances or newly designed fentanyl analogues.Therefore,understanding the types and poisoning deaths of fentanyl-related new psychoactive substances,as well as accurately detecting and identifying fentanyl-related substances,is crucial for forensic investigations.This article reviews recent research related to fentanyl-related new psychoactive substances in forensic investigations,including their pharmacological and toxicological effects,poisoning deaths,sample extraction,and detection methods,aiming to provide insights for forensic professionals in the identification and detection of poisoning cases caused by these substances.