零售药店执业药师岗位胜任力评价双螺旋模型构建

Construction of a double helix model for evaluating the job competency of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies

目的构建零售药店执业药师岗位胜任力评价双螺旋模型,为建设执业药师人才队伍和促进药学服务高质量发展提供参考。方法基于胜任力冰山模型及双螺旋结构理论,采用文献分析、德尔菲法初步提取模型指标;编制调查问卷,对山东省零售药店执业药师进行问卷调查,运用探索性因子分析对模型指标进行修正,确立零售药店执业药师岗位胜任力评价双螺旋模型,并通过验证性因子分析进行验证。结果两轮专家咨询问卷的有效回收率均大于90%,专家权威系数均超过0.86,总体肯德尔协调系数分别为0.288、0.510;经探索性因子分析修正后,构建了包含职业素养、职业知识、职业能力、内驱力4个一级指标和23个二级指标的零售药店执业药师岗位胜任力评价双螺旋模型,该模型由包含职业知识和职业能力的显性胜任力链,包含职业素养和内驱力的隐性胜任力链,以及以政策支持、激励机制、教育培训作为连接两条主链的氢键共同构成。验证性因子分析结果显示,该模型拟合优度指数、比较拟合指数、标准拟合指数均超过0.9,4个一级指标的组合信度为0.89~0.95,平均方差抽取量为0.58~0.75,模型整体及各一级指标的Cronbach’sα系数均大于0.84。结论构建的零售药店执业药师岗位胜任力评价双螺旋模型具有科学性、合理性及实用性。

OBJECTIVE To construct a double helix model for evaluating the job competency of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies,and to provide a reference for building a talented team of licensed pharmacists and promoting the high-quality development of pharmaceutical care.METHODS Based on the competency iceberg model and double helix structure theory,literature analysis and the Delphi method were adopted to explore the model indicators;questionnaires were designed to survey licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies from Shandong Province.The exploratory factor analysis was used to correct the model indicators and establish a double helix model for evaluating the job competency of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies,which was examined by validation factor analysis.RESULTS The recovery rate of the questionnaires in the two rounds of expert consultation was greater than 90%,the expert authority coefficients were both more than 0.86,and the overall Kendall’s W values were 0.288 and 0.510,respectively;after the correction of the exploratory factor analysis,the double helix model for evaluating the job competency of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies was established,which contained 4 first-level indexes such as occupational literacy,occupational knowledge,occupational competency and internal motivation,and 23 second-level indexes.The model contained occupational knowledge and occupational competency in the explicit competency chain,occupational literacy and internal motivation in the implicit competency chain,and policy support,incentive mechanism,education and training as the hydrogen bonds connecting the two main chains.The validation factor analysis showed that the model’s goodness of fit index,comparative fit index,and normed fit index all exceeded 0.9;the reliability of the combination of the four first-level indexes ranged from 0.89 to 0.95;the average variance extracted ranged from 0.58 to 0.75,and Cronbach’sαcoefficients for both the overall model and the first-level indicators were all greater than 0.84.CONCLUSIONS The constructed double helix model for evaluating the job competency of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies is scientific,reasonable and practical.