中国式现代化视阈中的农村人口高质量发展

High-Quality Development of Rural Population in the Context of Chinese-Style Modernization

中国社会正处于城乡人口增减交替、从“乡土中国”向“城乡中国”转变的交汇点。全面建设社会主义现代化国家,最艰巨最繁重的任务仍在农村。聚焦农村人口、系统讨论农村人口现代化与中国式现代化的内在关系、辩证思考农村人口高质量发展的成就与挑战十分必要且紧迫,据此可进一步探讨促进农村地区社会治理现代化水平提升的路径机制。研究发现,农村人口的现代化与中国式现代化相辅相成、彼此成就;农村人口的“三少两多两低”(人口总量减少、年轻人口少、适婚女性少,老龄人口多、非意愿性未婚男性多,教育程度较低、预期寿命较低)既是前所未有的人口大变局,也是人口高质量发展和现代化进程中必须面对的实然挑战。推进农村人口高质量发展和中国式现代化,必须注重“人口—人脑”“农村—城镇”“家庭—社会”的连接,将农村人口置于超乎农村空间的情境中,思考农村人口高质量发展之于现代文明的意义、乡村社会之于城镇化和现代化的价值、古老农业文明和传统农民在现代文明和城乡融合发展中的生命力。

Chinese society is at the intersection of urban population increase and rural population decline;“rural China”is becoming an“urban-rural China.”To build a modernized socialist country,the most arduous and burdensome task still lies in rural areas.This paper systematically discusses the intrinsic relationship between the modernization of the rural population and Chinese-style modernization,analyzes the achievements and challenges of the high-quality development of the rural population,and explores the paths and mechanisms for promoting the high-quality development of the rural population.The high-quality development of the rural population and Chinese-style modernization complement and reinforce each other.The characteristics of the declining total population—the young(female)population and the rapidly increasing numbers of the elderly and those males who remain unmarried unwillingly—and the lower levels of education and life expectancy,are both unprecedented demographic changes.These are challenges that must be faced.To promote the high-quality development of the rural population and Chinese-style modernization,the focus should be on the connections between the“demographic dividend and talent dividend”,between“rural and urban areas”,and between the“family and society.”It is also necessary to place the rural population in a situation beyond rural space.This requires considering the importance of high-quality development of the rural population for modern civilization,the value of rural society for urbanization and modernization,and the vitality of the traditional agricultural culture in the context of modern civilization and the integrated development of urban and rural areas.