钢铁表面电镀金属及其性能研究进展

Research Progress in Metal Plating on Steel Surfaces and Properties

钢铁材料因其优秀的力学性能、低廉的价格而被广泛用在国防、航空等工业领域。然而钢铁的腐蚀、磨损问题一直困扰着人们。金属镀层凭借低廉的价格、简单的制备工艺和出色的防护能力常被用于钢铁的磨损、腐蚀防护。综述了锌、镍、铬及其合金镀层对钢铁硬度、耐磨、耐蚀性的影响,阐述了电镀液成分对镀层质量的影响;介绍了脉冲参数对镀层组织结构、耐磨、耐蚀性的影响以及超声波、磁场等辅助加工技术在电镀工艺中的应用;总结了目前钢铁表面电镀金属存在的一些挑战,并对电镀的发展做了适当展望。

Steel materials,widely used in various industrial such as in national defense and aerospace sectors thanks to their excellent mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness,their corrosion and wear problems,however,have always been obsessive issures.Electroplating,known for its affordability,simple manufacturing process,and excellent protective capabilities,is frequently employed for corrosion and wear protection of steel.This paper reviews the effects of zinc,nickel,chromium and their alloy coatings on the hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel,describs the influence of electroplating solution composition on the quality of the plating layer,intorduces the influence of pulse parameters on the microstructure,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating and the application of auxiliary processing technologies such as ultrasonic and magnetic field in the electroplating process,summarizes some challenges of electroplating metal on the surface of steel,and looks into appropriate future development of electroplating.