摘要
Objective:Pancytopenia is characterized by a reduction in all three types of blood cells:erythrocytes,leukocytes,and platelets.Pancytopenia is caused by a wide range of diseases,leading to diagnostic conundrums.These causes can range from drug reactions to life-threatening diseases such as aplastic anemia and leukemia.This study aims to investigate the causes of pancytopenia,specifically focusing on age and gender differences among patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study includes patients of all ages diagnosed with pancytopenia,as indicated by a CBC/H1 showing a WBC count less than 4,000/μL,platelet count less than 150,000/μL,and hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL in women and less than 13 g/dL in men.The study only included patients with pancytopenia who underwent bone marrow examination and were not subjected to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.Results:A total of 133 patients with pancytopenia were included in the study.The average age was 47.35±17.62 years old,with 66%of the participants being male and 34%being female.Acute leukemia,specifically acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL),was identified as the primary cause of pancytopenia,accounting for 31.5%of cases.Megaloblastic anemia was the second most common cause,accounting for 30%of cases,followed by aplastic anemia at 7.5%.Conclusion:Pancytopenia,a condition marked by the decrease in both erythrocytes and leukocytes as well as thrombocytes,can arise from a myriad of causes.The main findings of this study revealed that megaloblastic anemia,acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL)were the most common causes.Significantly,a considerable proportion of cases of pancytopenia can be attributed to acute leukemia.Hence,expeditious and accurate diagnosis is imperative and has the potential to save lives in such cases.
