食用菌多糖功能活性的研究进展

Progress on the Functional Activity of Polysaccharides in Edible Fungi

食用菌多糖是一种大分子碳水化合物。几十年来,研究人员对食用菌多糖的提取、分离纯化、功能性作用等进行了相关研究。文章综述了热水浸提法、酸碱提取法、酶提取法、超声波提取法、闪式提取法、亚临界水提取法、超临界流体萃取法等不同食用菌多糖的提取方法,并简述了其优缺点;阐述了食用菌多糖的组成结构和食用菌多糖在抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖、降血脂、调节肠道菌群等方面的功能,并展望了其未来的研究方向。

Polysaccharide of edible fungi is a macromolecular carbohydrate.Over the decades,researchers have conducted related studies on the extraction,purification and functional role of polysaccharide in edible fungi.The extraction methods of hot water immersion,acid-base extraction,enzyme extraction,ultrasonic extraction,flash extraction,subcritical water extraction and supercritical fluid extraction were summarized,and its advantages and disadvantages are briefly described.Finally,the composition of polysaccharide of edible fungi structure,and the use in antioxidant,anti-tumor,immune regulation,blood glucose,lowering blood lipid and regulation of gut microbiota were expounded,so as to look into its future research direction.