考虑圆度误差的角接触球轴承温升特性研究

Temperature rises characteristics of angular contact ball bearings considering roundness error

以往有关于轴承温升特性的研究多注重轴承温升以及圆度误差对轴承振动的影响,其中圆度误差对轴承温升影响的文献较少,且研究对象多针对的是低速、轻载轴承的温升。为此,建立了考虑圆度误差、轴承预紧力、离心效应、热力耦合等影响的角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型,研究了轴承沟道圆度误差对轴承温升的影响规律。首先,以轴承拟动力学、弹流润滑理论、传热学理论和基尔霍夫能量守恒定律为基础,建立了考虑圆度误差、轴承预紧力、离心效应、热力耦合等影响的角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型;然后,利用模型分析了不同工况条件、圆度误差对轴承温升特性影响;最后,将模型计算结果与试验结果进行了比较,验证了角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型的合理性。研究结果表明:模型计算结果和实验结果相比,最大相对误差为5.37%;随着圆度误差阶次的增加,轴承温度呈现波动性变化,且随着转速的增加,波动趋势愈加显著;随着润滑油温度的升高,温度波动逐渐减小;当圆度误差的阶次等于球数n/2±2(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度比不考虑圆度误差时要低,因此将圆度误差控制在特定阶次内能有效降低轴承温升,从而提高工作效率;轴承外圈温度的波动性与外圈圆度误差的幅值成正比,为轴承设计提供了重要参考;外圈温度与沟道圆度误差阶次之间呈周期性变化,并与钢球的个数形成映射关系,当圆度误差阶次等于球数的(2 n-1)/4倍(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度达到最高;当圆度误差阶次等于球数的n/2倍(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度最低,这一规律可为轴承的优化提供具体参考方向。

In the past,the research on the temperature rises characteristics of bearings paid more attention to the influence of bearing temperature rise and roundness error on bearing vibration,among which the literature on the influence of roundness error on bearing temperature rise was less,and the research object mostly aimed at the temperature rise of low-speed and light-load bearings.Therefore,the thermal-mechanical coupling model of angular contact ball bearing considering roundness error,bearing preload,centrifugal effect and thermal coupling was established,and the influence law of bearing raceway roundness error on bearing temperature rise was studied.Firstly,based on the principles of bearing quasi-dynamics,electrohydrodynamic lubrication theory,heat transfer theory,and Kirchhoff s energy conservation law,a thermal-force coupled model for angular contact ball bearings was established,taking into account factors such as roundness error,bearing preload,centrifugal effects,and thermal coupling.Then,the model was utilized to analyze the impact of different operating conditions and roundness errors on the temperature rise characteristics of the bearings.Finally,by comparing the model calculations with experimental results,the rationality of the model was validated.The research results indicate that,the maximum relative error between model calculation and experimental results is 5.37%.With the increase of roundness error orders,the temperature of the bearing exhibits fluctuating changes,and the fluctuation trend becomes more significant with the increase of speed.As the temperature of the lubricating oil rises,the temperature fluctuation gradually decreases.When the order of roundness error equals n/2±2(n=1,2,3…),the outer ring temperature of the bearing is lower than when roundness errors are not considered.Therefore,controlling roundness errors within specific orders can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the bearing,thus improving operational efficiency.The fluctuation of the outer ring temperature of the bearing is proportional to the amplitude of the outer ring roundness error,providing important references for bearing design.There is a periodic variation between the outer ring temperature and the channel roundness error orders,which is mapped to the number of steel balls.When the roundness error order equals(2 n-1)/4 times the number of balls(n=1,2,3…),the outer ring temperature of the bearing reaches its maximum.When the roundness error order equals n/2 times the number of balls(n=1,2,3…),the outer ring temperature of the bearing is at its lowest.This pattern provides specific directions for the optimization of bearings.