动态能力、资源要素对制造企业数字化转型路径选择影响研究

Research on the Influence of Dynamic Capability and Resource Factors on the Path Selection of Digital Transformation in Manu⁃facturing Enterprises

制造业发展水平直接体现了国家的生产力水平。在我国从制造大国向制造强国转变的过程中,制造业的数字化转型至关重要。在此背景下,采用中国制造业上市企业为研究样本,运用模糊集定性比较分析法,对内外部资源、动态能力等多个因素进行组态效应分析。研究发现:(1)单一因素不足以成为制造企业数字化转型的必要条件,制造企业数字化转型是多个前因条件协同作用的结果;(2)高水平数字化转型有全要素驱动型、盲目求变型和稳中求变型等3条路径,非高水平数字化转型均表现为要素缺失型(核心条件缺失);(3)部分因素之间存在潜在的替代关系,数字技术应用水平、人力资本水平与数字设施建设水平出现在多条路径中。研究结论有助于制造企业结合自身条件选择合适的数字化转型路径,增强自身的差异化优势,同时也为政府驱动企业数字化转型的精准施策提供了有益参考。

A country's level of manufacturing directly reflects its level of productivity,which is a major difference between developed and developing countries.China is transforming from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality,and digital transformation has become an inevitable trend in the development of China's manufacturing industry.While most of China's manufactur-ing enterprises have been ready for digital transformation,they lack clear strategic goals and transformation ideas.At the same time,digital transformation is a complex process influenced by multiple factors.Therefore,it is necessary to systematically analyze and study the driving factors of enterprises'digital transformation from the perspective of configuration and explore their"paths to the same destination"in the process of digital transformation.In view of this,this study selected 104 sample enterprises in China's listed manufacturing enterprises.By utilizing resource-based theory and dynamic capability theory,this study reviewed relevant literature and finally built a driving factor model for the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of configuration.This study employed qualitative comparison analysis of fuzzy sets to analyze the configuration effects of multiple factors such as internal and external re-sources and dynamic capabilities.The results show that:①The digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises presents the characteristic of"multiple concurrency",meaning that no single factor or single dimension can independently create the necessary conditions for the digital transformation of advanced manufacturing industries.The high level of digital transformation of enterprises is the result of the synergistic effect of multiple factors.②Nine factors constitute six equivalent paths to drive the high digital transformation of enterprises.These paths can be further summarized as the all-factor driven type,blind change-seeking type,and stable change-seeking type.Non-high digi-tal transformation is characterized by missing elements(missing core conditions).③There is a po-tential substitution relationship among some factors.Digital technology application,human capi-tal,and digital facilities appear in multiple paths,indicating that digital technology application is a key factor in the process of digital transformation.At the same time,attention should be paid to improving the level of human capital and developing digital facilities.The research results are helpful for manufacturing enterprises to choose the path of digital transformation according to their conditions,improve their differentiation advantages,and provide a useful reference for the precise policies of government-driven enterprises'digital transformation.