深井矿山高温热害防控技术现状

Status quo of high-temperature heat hazard control and prevention technology in deep mines

随着矿山开拓系统的不断延伸,国内外部分矿山采深已达千米以下,有些矿山在未来几年采深将超过1500 m甚至2000 m。在深部开采过程中,随着地温梯度效应、大量机械设备散热与围岩散热、长距离独头掘进作业导致生产作业环境温度达40℃以上,严重制约矿山的生产效率,危害作业人员的身心健康,因此高温热害是深井矿山所要解决的主要技术难题之一。通过资料收集、技术调研等手段,总结出深井矿山所面临的通风问题,主要表现在空气环境较差、总风量不足、通风网络紊乱、通风设备与通风构筑物管理不善、成本较高等方面,指出了深井高温环境对人体、设备、围岩、支护所造成的主要危害,在此基础上总结了常规的通风降温与制冷降温具体方式与主要技术措施建议,研究成果为深井矿山高温热害治理提供了技术参考。

With the continuous extension of mining development systems,the mining depth of some mines domestically and abroad has reached below 1000 m,and in a couple of years,some mines will exceed depths of 1500 m or even 2000 m.In the process of deep mining,due to the effects of geothermal gradient,heat release from large amounts of mechanical equipment and surrounding rock,and long-distance single-heading excavation operations,the operation environment temperature can reach above 40℃.This severely restricts mining efficiency and jeopardizes the physical and mental health of workers.Therefore,high-temperature heat hazards are one of the main technical challenges that need to be addressed in deep mines.Through data collection and technical survey,it is summarized that deep mines at home and abroad face ventilation problems mainly in terms of poor air environment,insufficient total air volume,dis-ordered ventilation networks,poor management of ventilation equipment and structures,and high costs.The main hazards caused by high-temperature environments to humans,equipment,surrounding rock,and support are identified.Based on this,conventional ventilation cooling and refrigeration cooling methods and proposals for key technical measures are summarized.The research findings provide technical references for controlling high-temperature heat hazards in deep mines.