从他者到自我——韩炳哲论新自由主义治理术的转型

From the Other to the Self:Byung-Chul Han on the Transformation of Neoliberalism’s Governmentality

伴随着现代福利国家的兴起和资本主义生产力的迅速发展,西方马克思主义的革命性不断被削弱,福柯的生命权力理论已不足以阐释当代资本主义社会的权力结构。德国新生代思想家韩炳哲认为,新自由主义作为资本主义的变种,其治理术已经从生命政治领域进入到精神政治领域之中。新自由主义治理术正在发生四重转型:第一,从他者剥削转变为自我剥削;第二,从生命权力转变为精神权力;第三,从排斥性暴力转变为扩张性暴力;第四,从透视性全景监狱转变为非透视性全景监狱。这四重转型有一个共同的主题:从“他者”到“自我”。新自由主义治理术的转型带来了诸多挑战,韩炳哲的论述体现了其敏锐的透视但也存在缺乏现实路径等不足。

With the rise of the modern welfare state and the rapid development of capitalist productive forces,the revolutionary impact of western Marxism has been weakened,and Foucault’s theory of life power has fallen short in elucidating the intricate power structure of modern society.Byung-Chul Han,a new generation of German thinker,believes that neoliberalism,a variant of capitalism,has entered the spiritual political field from the field of life politics.Neoliberalism's Governmentality is undergoing four-fold transformations:first,from allo-exploitation to auto-exploitation;second,from life power to spiritual power;third,from negative Gewalt to positive Gewalt;fourth,from panopticon to aperspectival panopticon.These transformations converge around a central theme:a movement from“the Other”to“the Self”.The transformation of neoliberalism governance poses numerous challenges.While Byung-Chul Han’s insights offer a profound perspective,they also exhibit shortcomings,including a lack of a practical roadmap for implementation.