考虑碳排放的长大货物多式联运路径优化

Multimodal Transportation Route Optimization for Long and Bulky Cargo Considering Carbon Emissions

长大货物具有外形轮廓尺寸大、重量大和价值昂贵等特性,运输过程中不可拆解。多式联运逐步成为长大货物运输的首选方式,路径决策是其联运组织的核心。本文引入能耗因子,设计长大货物多式联运在途运输、改造和换装过程碳排放量计算公式,统筹考虑长大货物装后轮廓尺寸、限界、桥梁承重能力和节点换装能力等制约因素,兼顾运输路段改造,以最小化长大货物联运成本和碳排放量为优化目标函数,构建考虑碳排放的长大货物多式联运路径优化模型,设计基于自适应遗传算法和精英保留策略的长大货物多式联运路径优化算法,提出一种考虑碳排放的长大货物多式联运路径决策方法。计算结果表明:相比传统遗传算法和自适应遗传算法,本文方法的目标函数优化程度均高于20%,成本优化程度均高于12%,碳排放量优化程度均高于22%,所提方法优势显著。采用本文方法编制的长大货物联运路径方案能有效兼顾多式联运成本和碳排放,为长大货物多式联运路径优化提供强有效的决策支持,助力大件物流降本增效和“双碳”目标的实现。

Long and bulky cargo has the characteristics of large outline,overweight and high cost and cannot be disassembled during the transportation process.Multimodal transportation is becoming the first choice of long and bulky cargo transportation,the core of which is route decision problem.In this paper,an energy consumption factor is introduced,and calculation formulas of carbon emissions during the transportation and reconstruction and reloading process at the node for long and bulky cargo multimodal transportation are all proposed.Then,taking into consideration the following factors,i.e.,loading outline,gauge,bridge bearing capacity and reloading capacity at the nodes,and road reconstruction,a multimodal transportation route optimization model for long and bulky cargo with carbon emissions is proposed with the objective of minimizing multimodal transportation cost and carbon emissions.In addition,an adaptive genetic algorithm with an elite retention strategy is designed for the multimodal route decision for long and bulky cargo considering carbon emissions.Numerical results show that,compared with the traditional genetic algorithm and the adaptive genetic algorithm,the objective value of the proposed method is 20%higher and its cost and carbon emissions are 12%and 22%lower,respectively.The route plan by the proposed method can consider transportation cost and carbon emissions simultaneously,which can provide support to solve the multimodal route decision problem for long and bulky cargo and also reduce the cost and increase the efficiency in logistics and achieve the"dual-carbon"target.