基于规则的信号交叉口纯电动公交节能驾驶策略

A Rule-based Energy-saving Driving Strategy for Battery Electric Bus at Signalized Intersections

为解决纯电动公交在通过信号交叉口时能耗较大的问题,本文提出一种旨在最小化电量消耗的基于规则的两阶段驾驶策略,能够实现通行策略场景的合理划分选择及充分优化加减速调整曲线凹凸性,同时,不牺牲乘客舒适度和通行时间。在策略第1阶段,结合车辆运行状态和通过车路协同技术获取的交叉口信号相位和时序信息,提出4种交叉口通行策略的划分与判断选择方式,包括匀速通过策略、加速通过策略、减速通过策略和制动停车策略;在策略第2阶段,利用基于XGBoost算法的能耗估算模型和基于加减速特征参数的曲线模型,优化策略场景中匀速过程、加速过程和减速过程的速度曲线;最后,结合VISSIM仿真验证4种通行策略的有效性。结果表明,所提出的策略可以有效减少电量消耗,在4种驾驶场景下,降低了29.8%~34.2%的能耗。此外,分析发现,在经济车速以上和以下的最佳速度节能曲线均为凹凸形曲线,因此,通过对比实验进行不同速度调整范围的最节能曲线凹凸性规律总结,该结论可以为纯电动公交车的节能驾驶提供更易于操作的驾驶引导。

To reduce the high energy consumption of battery electric buses(EBs)when crossing the signalized intersections,this paper proposes a rule-based two-stage driving strategy,which accounts for reasonable strategy scenarios and different acceleration and deceleration variation concave-convex without sacrificing passenger comfort and passing time.In the first stage,four driving strategies are proposed for EB crossing the intersections,including constant speed strategy,acceleration strategy,deceleration strategy,and brake stopping strategy.This process considers vehicle operating status and the signal phase and timing(SPaT)information of the intersection obtained via vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I)technology.In the second stage,the energy consumption estimation model based on the XGBoost algorithm and the curve model based on the acceleration and deceleration characteristic parameters are used to optimize the speed profile of the constant speed process,acceleration process,and deceleration process in the selected driving strategy.The effectiveness of the four driving strategies was analyzed by the VISSIM simulation.The results show that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce energy consumption by 29.8%~34.2%in four driving scenarios.Further analysis revealed that the optimal speed profile has concave-convex properties both above and below the economic speed,therefore the concave-convex laws of the most energy-saving speed profiles with different speed adjustment ranges are summarized through comparative experiments,which can Provide easier-to-operate driving guidance for energy-saving driving of EBs.